Production of modified fatty acids in plants through rDNA targeted integration of heterologous genes
The present invention relates to transgenic plants comprising a plurality of nucleic acids heterologous to said plant, each of said nucleic acid comprising a coding sequence operably linked to one or more regulatory elements for directing expression of said coding sequence in said plant, said nucleic acid being stably integrated at or adjacent to rDNA sequences, or a seed, organ, tissue, part or cell thereof, or a descendant of said plant, seed, organ, tissue, part or cell; methods of producing the transgenic plants; and methods of producing oil using the transgenic plants.
1. A method for producing a transgenic plant, comprising:
(a) co-transforming plant cells with:
i. a first nucleic acid construct, said first nucleic acid construct comprising a nucleotide sequence of at least contiguous 100 nucleotides, said nucleotide sequence possessing at least 50% sequence identity over its entire length to a native ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence of said plant cells; and
ii. a second nucleic acid construct, said second nucleic acid construct comprising a coding sequence operably linked to one or more regulatory elements for directing expression of said coding sequence in said plant cells;
thereby obtaining transgenic plant cells;
(b) regenerating a plurality of transgenic plants from said transgenic plant cells; and
(c) selecting from said plurality of transgenic plants a transgenic plant wherein said second nucleic acid construct is amplified, and a plurality of said second nucleic constructs are stably integrated into or adjacent to the native rDNA of said plant cell in sufficiently close proximity to one another that they segregate together as a single genetic locus.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said rDNA sequences of said plant are native rDNA sequences of said plant.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (c) comprises selecting from said plurality of transgenic plants a transgenic plant wherein said first and second nucleic acid constructs are stably integrated into or adjacent to native rDNA of said transgenic plant cells and wherein said first and second nucleic acid constructs are amplified.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said second nucleic acid construct is amplified resulting in 2 to 60 copies of said second nucleic acid construct.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said first nucleic acid construct is amplified resulting in 2 to 60 copies of said first nucleic acid construct.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein one or more of said first nucleic acid constructs integrates into or adjacent to the native rDNA of said plant cell in sufficiently close proximity to said plurality of second nucleic acid constructs that said first and second nucleic acid constructs segregate together as a single genetic locus.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said coding sequence encodes a gene product associated with plant fatty acid metabolism, and wherein said selected transgenic plant has altered fatty acid content relative to a wild-type of said plant.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said second nucleic acid construct comprises a site-specific recombination sequence.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the site-specific recombination sequence is an att sequence, preferably of lambda phage.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said first nucleic acid construct consists of or consists essentially of said nucleotide sequence possessing at least 50% sequence identity over its entire length to a native ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence of said plant cells.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the coding sequence encodes nasturtium PAP 1, Arabidopsis FAE-1 and/or Saccharomyces cerevisae SLC-1 gene.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first nucleic acid construct comprises 5S, 5.8S, 18S or 26S rDNA.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the regulatory element comprises a seed specific promoter or a constitutive promoter.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the plant cell is a canola cell, a soybean cell, a maize cell, a borage cell, a castor cell, a crambe spp. cell, a flax cell, a Nasturtium cell, an olive cell, a palm cell, a peanut cell, a rapeseed cell, a sunflower cell, or a cell from any member of Chlorophyceae.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the second nucleic acid construct comprises a sequence encoding a selectable marker.
16. A transgenic plant produced by the method according to claim 1 , or a descendant thereof, or a seed, organ, tissue, part or cell of said transgenic plant or descendant thereof, comprising said first nucleic acid construct and said second nucleic acid construct.
17. A transgenic plant, or a seed, organ, tissue, part, or cell thereof, comprising first and second nucleic acid constructs that are heterologous to said plant and are stably integrated at or adjacent to rDNA of said plant;
said first nucleic acid construct comprising a nucleotide sequence of at least contiguous 100 nucleotides, said nucleotide sequence possessing at least 50% sequence identity over its entire length to a native ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence of said plant;
said second nucleic acid construct comprising a coding sequence operably linked to one or more regulatory elements for directing expression of said coding sequence in said plant; and
wherein a plurality of said second nucleic acid constructs are integrated at or adjacent to rDNA of said plant in sufficiently close proximity to one another that they segregate together as a single genetic locus.
18. The transgenic plant according to claim 17 , wherein said coding sequence encodes a gene product associated with plant fatty acid metabolism, and wherein said transgenic plant has altered fatty acid content relative to a wild-type of said plant.
19. The transgenic plant according to claim 17 , wherein said second nucleic acid construct is present in 2 to 60 copies integrated at or adjacent to native rDNA of said plant.
20. The transgenic plant according to claim 17 , Wherein said second nucleic acid construct encodes nasturtium FAE-1, Arabidopsis FAE-1 and/or Saccharomyces cerevisae SLC-1.
21. The transgenic plant according to claim 17 , which is a canola, Brassica, Jatropha , soybean, maize, borage, castor, Camelina, crambe spp., flax, Nasturtium , olive, palm, peanut, rapeseed, or sunflower plant, or a cell from any member of Chlorophyceae.
22. A method for producing oil, said method comprising extracting oil from a plant according to claim 16 .
23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein said oil is extracted from seeds of said plant.
24. The method according to claim 23 , wherein the seed oil is edible oil.
25. The method according to claim 23 , wherein the seed oil is non-edible oil.
26. The method according to claim 23 , wherein the seed oil comprises very long chain fatty acids.
27. The method according to claim 23 wherein the oil comprises a composition of fatty acids not normally found in native unmodified oil of the same species.
28. The transgenic plant according to claim 17 wherein said second nucleic acid construct encodes one or more polypeptides with one or more activities that enhance yield or alter the production one or more products within the plant.
29. The method of claim 22 , wherein said oil comprises a feedstock for production of biofuel.
30. The method of claim 22 , wherein said oil comprises higher content of C18 fatty acids than oil obtained from the native plant from which said transgenic plant is produced.
31. The method of claim 22 , wherein said oil comprises higher content of C20 fatty acids than oil obtained from the native plant from which said transgenic plant is produced.
32. The method of claim 22 , wherein said oil comprises higher content of C22 fatty acids than oil obtained from the native plant from which said transgenic plant is produced.
33. The method of claim 22 , wherein said oil comprises higher content of C24 fatty acids than oil obtained from the native plant from which said transgenic plant is produced.