Pliant mechanisms for extracting power from moving fluid
Flexible and elastic mechanisms for extracting power from a moving fluid. Sheet-like material is deformed during fabrication through an applied force so as to create undulations in said material, whose stresses are maintained through restraining components, thereby maintaining the occurrence of said deformations in the material. When placed in moving fluid, the resulting pressure differentials cause the positions of the undulations within the material to travel along said material in the same direction as the moving fluid. Power is extracted in one of two principle ways. The first is via a mechanical coupling of the sheet-like material to a rotating mechanism, which turns an electro-magnetic dynamo or other output device. The second is via the utilization of a flexible material which exhibits an electrical response to mechanical strain, whereby the strains caused by the travel of undulations along the material create an electrical current which is extracted via two or more electrodes.
1. A mechanism for extracting power from the directional flow of a fluid, said mechanism having a structure adapted to be disposed in a flowing fluid which comprises, in combination:
a plurality of restraining components;
a plurality of tubes, each of said tubes having a longitudinal axis, being made of an elastic material and being attached to at least one of said restraining components to maintain said material in a deformed state under continuous internal stress, said material being configured in the deformed state so as to create one or more undulations in the respective tube, such that, when the tubes are subjected to the forces of a moving fluid directed along their longitudinal axes, the positions of the undulations in said tubes move in a synchronized manner;
a power-extraction device for extracting power from the undulations in said tubes.
2. The mechanism defined in claim 1 , further comprising:
a base member fixed relative to the moving fluid and connected to at least one of the plurality of tubes.
3. The mechanism defined in claim 2 , wherein said restraining components and said tubes are arranged to hold the plurality of tubes in a prescribed pattern when viewed in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tubes during at least one moment during a cycle of operation, said pattern being selected from the group consisting of a honeycomb and concentric rings.
4. The mechanism defined in claim 3 , wherein the pattern is a honeycomb.
5. The mechanism defined in claim 4 , wherein the plurality of tubes comprise a plurality of tube types.
6. The mechanism defined in claim 5 , wherein the plurality of tube types include at least one tube type having a rigid side acting as a restraining component and other sides formed of said elastic material.
7. The mechanism defined in claim 5 , wherein at least one tube of the plurality of tubes shares a side with an adjacent tube of the plurality of tubes.
8. The mechanism defined in claim 5 , wherein at least one tube type of the plurality of tube types has closed ends.
9. The mechanism defined in claim 2 , wherein at least one of the plurality of tubes comprises a plurality of fronds mechanically coupled to each other along common longitudinal edges to form a tube having a cross-section comprising a polygonal ring.
10. The mechanism defined in claim 9 , wherein the power extraction device comprises at least one mechanical component coupled to the undulations to move in response thereto.
11. The mechanism defined in claim 2 , wherein undulations form traveling waves in the tubes.
12. The mechanism defined in claim 2 where said elastic material exhibits an electrical response to material strain.
13. The mechanism defined in claim 12 , wherein at least one tube of the plurality of tubes forms an electrical transducer converting mechanical motion into electrical energy, wherein undulations of the at least one tube create a voltage potential therein and said power extracting device includes at least two electrodes, coupled to the at least one tube for extracting electrical power from undulations of the at least one tube.
14. The mechanism defined in claim 2 , wherein the pattern of arrangement of said restraining components and said tubes comprises concentric rings.
15. The mechanism defined in claim 14 , wherein undulations of at least one tube are out-of-phase with undulations of an adjacent tube.
16. The mechanism defined in claim 14 , wherein undulations of at least one tube are in-phase with undulations of a first adjacent concentric tube and are out-of-phase with undulations of a second adjacent concentric tube, a space between the at least one tube and the first adjacent concentric tube is open, and a space between the at least one tube and the second adjacent concentric tube is closed.
17. The mechanism defined in claim 14 , wherein undulations of all of said plurality of tubes are in-phase and ends of a central tube of the plurality of tubes are closed.
18. The mechanism defined in claim 14 , wherein undulations of at least one tube from said plurality of tubes is one-half-out-of-phase with undulations of an adjacent tube.
19. The mechanism defined in claim 14 , wherein undulations of a first half of at least one tube from said plurality of tubes is one-half-out-of-phase with undulations of a second half of the at least one tube, and the undulations of the first half and the undulations of the second half are each one-half-out-of phase with undulations of an adjacent tube.
20. The mechanism defined in claim 14 , wherein undulations of a first half of at least one tube from said plurality of tubes is one-half-out-of-phase with undulations of a second half of the at least one tube, and the undulations of the first half and the undulations of the second half are each in-phase with undulations of an adjacent tube.
21. The mechanism defined in claim 14 , wherein said restraining components comprise:
a. a rigid tube restraining the plurality of tubes externally; and
b. a plurality of radial membranes, wherein the outer edges of said radial membranes are attached to the rigid tube and wherein the innermost edges of said radial membranes are attached to the innermost concentric tube, and wherein said radial membranes intersect with and are attached to each remaining concentric tube by at least two points along a longitudinal axis of said each remaining concentric tube.
22. The mechanism defined in claim 21 , wherein said restraining components further comprise a plurality of hollow tubes, each of said hollow tubes being fixed to a radial membrane from said radial membranes.
23. The mechanism defined in claim 22 , wherein the plurality of hollow tubes and said rigid tube are fixed to a secondary supporting frame.
24. The mechanism defined in claim 2 , wherein the elastic material is attached to the at least one of said restraining components by securing different sections of said elastic sheet material.