Method of rendering a radioactive and aqueous heat transfer liquid in a nuclear reactor to a reduced radwaste quantitative state and returning the remaining waste water volumes to an environmental release point for liquid effluents
Environmentally protective Method of treating an aqueous radioactive fluid (AF) in a nuclear reactor cycle or radwaste system to selectively capture or remove radioactive isotopes in a reduced quantitative package to minimize radwaste generated and revitalize neutron absorption capacity of nuclear reactor coolant by separately carrying away boron constituents, when B 10 is later added. The method includes: demineralizing the (AF) by rough ion exchange and lowering the pH of salts, boron and non-radioactive substances so that the boron can later pass through an RO; polishing by reverse osmosis; dividing the (AF) into a permeate liquid volume and a reject liquid volume, each having certain characteristics; recycling the reject liquid volume back into demineralizing step for removing generally most of the radioactive isotopes to generate a demineralizer effluent; and conveying the permeate liquid volume to the outside ambient environmental release point for liquid effluents of the (AF); dividing the demineralizer effluent into a further permeate liquid volume and a further reject liquid volume having certain characteristics; and conveying the further permeate liquid volume to the outside ambient environmental release point of the invention.
1. A method of processing at least a part of an aqueous radioactive fluid or (AF) removed from a volume of such fluid in a nuclear reactor to selectively capture or remove radioactive isotopes in a reduced quantitative package substantially devoid of solid salt constituents, to minimize the amount of radwaste generated for evaluation, evaporation, solidification, off-site transportation or later activity and to assist in revitalizing the neutron absorption capacity of the volume of such fluid in the nuclear reactor by removing boron in the form of B 11 therefrom as a part of said method, when B 10 is later added to such fluid; said method having at least one step of conveying a liquid volume of the (AF) to a release point for liquid effluents of the (AF) in an ambient environment apart and outside of the nuclear reactor for separately carrying away boron constituents in the (AF) in said assist in revitalizing said neutron absorption capacity; the (AF) being directed to a supply area at the nuclear reactor; said method comprising the steps of:
(a) demineralizing the (AF) by gross ion exchange for reduction of the amount of radioactive isotopes passing therethrough while substantially permitting salts, boron and nonradioactive substances to pass through and lowering the pH of said substances to pass through such that substantially most of the boron can later pass through an RO membrane and then
(b) polishing by reverse osmosis or (RO) of the (AF) and
(c) dividing the (AF) into a first liquid volume or permeate liquid volume and a second liquid volume or reject liquid volume, the permeate liquid volume having from about half to substantially none of the radioactive isotopes present in the (AF) and a substantial amount of any monovalent salts, boric acid and water present in the (AF), and the reject liquid volume having at least an increased fraction of the boron, salts and radioactive isotopes present in the (AF);
(d) recycling and feeding the reject liquid volume back into step (a) for removing generally most of the radioactive isotopes to generate a demineralizer effluent, and conveying the permeate liquid volume in said at least one step of conveying a liquid volume of the (AF) to the release point for liquid effluents of the (AF), and dividing the demineralizer effluent into a further permeate liquid volume having substantially none of the radioactive isotopes present in the demineralizer effluent and having a reduced volume relative to said recycling and feeding the reject liquid volume, and a further reject liquid volume having any of the radioactive isotopes remaining in the demineralizer effluent; and
(e) conveying the further permeate liquid volume in said at least one step of conveying a liquid volume of the (AF) to the release point for liquid effluents of the (AF).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein, prior to step (a), a step comprising at least one prefiltering step selected from a group consisting of: the step of filtering the (AF), the step of filtering the reject liquid volume on recycle, the step of carbon filtering the (AF) and the step of carbon filtering the reject liquid volume on recycle.
3. The method of claim 2 ; wherein, as a part of step (d), a sub-step comprising at least one sub-step selected from a group consisting of: the sub-step of the reject liquid volume being recycled to said step (a), the sub-step of recycling the reject liquid volume to the supply area, and the sub-step of recycling the reject liquid volume to a radwaste holdup area.
4. The method of claim 1 ; wherein, as a part of the step (d), a sub-step comprising at least one sub-step selected from a group consisting of: the sub-step of recycling the reject liquid volume to the supply area and the sub-step of adjusting the pH of the reject liquid volume.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein, as a part of step (d), a sub-step comprising at least one sub-step selected from a group consisting of: recycling the reject liquid volume through the carbon filtering step, said step (a), said step (b) and said step (c); recycling the reject liquid volume back to the supply area; and recycling the reject liquid volume to a radwaste holdup area.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein, as a part of the sub-step of recycling the reject liquid volume back to the supply area, at least one further sub-step selected from a group consisting of: adding a chemical substance to the reject liquid volume to precipitate silica therefrom, before said reject volume reaches said supply area; and adjusting the pH of said reject liquid volume.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein, after step (a), at least one step selected from a group consisting of: adding a chemical substance to the (AF) to precipitate silica therefrom; removing any resin, carbon fines and other foulants contained in the (AF); further demineralizing the (AF) in a separate area from that of said step (a); further demineralizing the (AF) in a separate area from that of step (a) and following thereafter with a step of filtering the (AF); and further demineralizing the (AF) in a separate area from that of step (a) following thereafter with a step of filtering the (AF) wherein at least a part of the step of filtering the (AF) comprises a sub-step of removing resin, carbon fines and other foulants contained in said (AF).
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein, prior to step (b), a step of converting any sodium borate contained in the (AF) to boric acid.
9. The method of claim 2 , wherein, before said carbon filtering step, the step of adding a chemical substance to the (AF) in the supply area to precipitate silica therefrom.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein, as a part of step (d), at least one sub-step selected from a group consisting of recycling the reject liquid volume through step (a), said further demineralizing step, said step of filtering the (AF), step (b) and step (c); recycling the reject liquid volume to the supply area; and recycling the reject liquid volume to a radwaste holdup area.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein, after steps (b) and (c), a step selected from a group consisting of: adding a chemical substance to the reject volume to precipitate silica therefrom; adjusting the pH of the reject liquid volume to convert boron constituents to boric acid; and adding a chemical substance to the reject liquid volume to precipitate silica therefrom, followed by reject demineralizing said reject liquid volume.
12. The method of claim 2 , wherein, after step (a), a step selected from a group consisting of: further filtering the (AF); further filtering the (AF) where at least a part thereof includes a sub-step of removing resin, carbon fines and other foulants contained in said (AF); further filtering the (AF), where, thereafter, at least a part of step (d) includes the sub-step of recycling the reject volume through the carbon filtering step, step (a), a further filtering step, step (b) and step (c); further filtering the (AF), where, thereafter, at least a part of step (d) includes a sub-step of recycling the reject liquid volume to the supply area; and further filtering the (AF), where, thereafter, at least a part of step (d) includes a sub-step of recycling the reject liquid volume to a radwaste holdup area.
13. The method of claim 2 , wherein, after step (a), a step selected from a group consisting of: further demineralizing the (AF) in a separate area from that of step (a); further demineralizing the (AF) in a separate area from that of step (a), and after step c) and before step (d) reject demineralizing the reject volume; further demineralizing the (AF) in a separate area from that of step (a), and as a part of step (d) recycling the reject volume to the supply area; further demineralizing the (AF) in a separate area from that of step (a), and as a part of step (d) the sub-step of recycling the reject volume through the carbon filtering step, step (a), the further demineralizing step, step (b) and step (c); further demineralizing the (AF) in a separate area from that of step (a), and after the step of adding a chemical substance to the reject liquid volume to precipitate silica therefrom, and as a part of step (d), the sub-step of recycling the reject liquid volume through the carbon filtering step, step (a), the further filtering step, step (b) and step (c); further demineralizing the (AF) in a separate area from that of step (a), and as a part of step (d) the reject liquid volume being recycled to the supply area; and further demineralizing the (AF) in a separate area from that of step (a), and as a part of step (d) recycling the reject liquid volume to a radwaste holdup area.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising in addition to step (e) conveying the further reject liquid volume to a selected area for analysis and evaluation of, and as to, further actions selected from a group consisting of reuse, disposal, recycle, discharge to the release point for liquid effluents of the (AF) and holdover.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein as a part of step (d) directing the further reject liquid volume to at least one successive recycling where each said successive recycling comprises recycling the reject liquid volume to the supply area and contemporaneously adding and combining with the further reject liquid volume in the supply area further amounts of new (AF) of the nuclear reactor to bring the combination to equilibrium or a steady state condition to form a recycled feedstream, and passing the recycled feedstream through, and repeating, said steps (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) of the method.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein as a part of step (b), particularly polishing the (AF) by reverse osmosis or (RO) for selectively scavenging for targeted isotopes and other dissolved and colloidal materials when present and remaining, and wherein said selectively scavenging for targeted isotopes in step (b) includes the step of adjusting said reverse osmosis through selecting and using ion exchange media for selective sensitivity for respective isotopes from a group consisting of Antimony, Cobalt, Cesium, Iodine, Tellurium, Manganese, Iron, Silver, Chromium, and Niobium.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein as a part of said when B 10 is later added to such fluid, a step of adding a new volume of B 10 or boron-B10 to the (AF) in the nuclear reactor within an appropriate time factor in accordance with use of the (AF) in the nuclear reactor and as a part of revitalizing the nuclear efficiency and control of the primary (AF) of said nuclear reactor.