Autothermal and partial oxidation reformer-based fuel processor, method for improving catalyst function in autothermal and partial oxidation reformer-based processors
The invention provides a fuel processor comprising a linear flow structure having an upstream portion and a downstream portion; a first catalyst supported at the upstream portion; and a second catalyst supported at the downstream portion, wherein the first catalyst is in fluid communication with the second catalyst. Also provided is a method for reforming fuel, the method comprising contacting the fuel to an oxidation catalyst so as to partially oxidize the fuel and generate heat; warming incoming fuel with the heat while simultaneously warming a reforming catalyst with the heat; and reacting the partially oxidized fuel with steam using the reforming catalyst.
1. A fuel processor comprising:
a. a structure adapted to have fluid pass through substantially its entire length, the structure having an upstream portion and a downstream portion and wherein the upstream portion has a larger diameter than the downstream portion;
b. a first catalyst supported at the upstream portion;
c. a second catalyst supported at the downstream portion, wherein the first catalyst is in fluid communication with the second catalyst, and
d. uncoated foam positioned upstream from the first catalyst such that the first catalyst resides between the foam and the second catalyst.
2. The fuel processor as recited in claim 1 further comprising a fuel inlet in thermal communication with said upstream portion.
3. The fuel processor as recited in claim 1 wherein said first catalyst operates at a higher temperature than the second catalyst.
4. The fuel processor as recited in claim 1 wherein said first catalyst is an oxidation catalyst and said second catalyst is a reforming catalyst.
5. The fuel processor as recited in claim 1 wherein the first catalyst and the second catalyst are supported on one contiguous substrate.
6. The fuel processor as recited in claim 5 wherein the contiguous substrate is a metallic foam defining channels extending throughout the substrate so as to facilitate fluid exchange from an exterior of the substrate to an interior of the substrate.
7. The fuel processor as recited in claim 5 wherein the substrate defines channels which extend from an upstream end of the substrate to a downstream end of the substrate.
8. The fuel processor as recited in claim 1 wherein an ignition source ignites the fuel at an upstream portion of the substrate.
9. The fuel processor as recited in claim 1 wherein the upstream portion is an oxidation catalyst selected from the group consisting of hexaluminates, spinels, perovskites, and garnets.