Osteoprotegerin variant proteins
The present invention relates to novel osteoprotegerin variant proteins (GYPs) that demonstrate reduced binding affinity for their ligand TRAIL when compared to wild-type osteoprotegerin. Nucleic acids which encode these GYPs are also provided. Recombinant vectors and host cells expressing these GYPs are also encompassed as are methods of producing recombinant GYPs. The present invention also relates to compositions comprising these GYPs, and to methods of treating bone diseases characterised by increased bone turnover and/or loss. The GYPs of the invention are useful for preventing bone resorption and may be used to treat any condition resulting in abnormal bone turnover or bone loss such as osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, Paget's disease of bone, multiple myeloma, bone cancer and bone loss due to rheumatoid arthritis or osteomyelitis, and the like.
1. An osteoprotegerin (OPG) variant protein and conservative substitutions thereof, the variant protein consists of one to three modifications of the wild-type OPG, one of which is a modification at residue 122 when compared to wild-type OPG, wherein the OPG variant protein or conservative substitution thereof retains binding affinity for receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL) but exhibits reduced binding affinity for TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) when compared to wild-type OPG.
2. An OPG variant protein as claimed in claim 1 , which comprises at least one amino acid substitution at residue position 102, 111, 115, 128 or 130.
3. An OPG variant protein as claimed in claim 1 , which comprises at least one modification within the loop structure comprising residues 107-118.
4. An OPG variant protein as claimed in claim 3 , which comprises a modification at residue 115.
5. An OPG variant protein as claimed in claim 1 , which exhibits a binding affinity for RANKL that is at least 80% that of wild type OPG.
6. An OPG variant protein as claimed in claim 1 , which has an EC 50 (nM) for RANKL of less than 1 nM under ELISA assay conditions wherein the OPG variant protein and wild type OPG are each tested as a fusion with a human Fc domain.
7. An OPG variant protein as claimed in claim 1 , which exhibits a binding affinity for TRAIL that is less than 20% that of wild type OPG.
8. An OPG variant protein as claimed in claim 1 , which has an EC 50 (nM) for TRAIL of greater than 10 nM under ELISA assay conditions wherein the OPG variant protein and wild type OPG are each tested as a fusion with a human Fc domain.
9. An OPG variant protein as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the OPG variant protein is conjugated to a polypeptide.
10. An OPG variant protein as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the polypeptide is an immunoglobulin constant domain.
11. A dimer or multimer comprising at least two OPG variant proteins as claimed in claim 1 .
12. An isolated polynucleotide encoding an OPG variant protein as claimed in claim 1 .
13. A composition for inhibiting or reducing binding of RANK to RANKL, the composition comprising an OPG variant protein as claimed in claim 1 , and one or more acceptable carriers.
14. An OPG variant protein as claimed in claim 1 , which exhibits a binding affinity for RANKL that is at least 50% that of wild type OPG.
15. An OPG variant protein as claimed in claim 1 , which exhibits a binding affinity for RANKL that is at least 60% that of wild type OPG.
16. An OPG variant protein as claimed in claim 1 , which exhibits a binding affinity for RANKL that is at least 70% that of wild type OPG.
17. An OPG variant protein as claimed in claim 1 , which exhibits a binding affinity for TRAIL that is less than 50% that of wild type OPG.
18. An OPG variant protein as claimed in claim 1 , which exhibits a binding affinity for TRAIL that is less than 40% that of wild type OPG.
19. An OPG variant protein as claimed in claim 1 , which exhibits a binding affinity for TRAIL that is less than 30% that of wild type OPG.
20. An OPG variant protein as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the protein is a modified fragment of OPG comprising amino acids 22-194.
21. An OPG variant protein as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the modifications are within the region encompassed by residues 102-130.