Esters of capsaicinoids as dietary supplements
Provided are nutraceutical or dietary supplemental compositions comprising esterified capsaicinoids. The esterified capsaicinoids may converted to the active parent capsaicinoid compound following enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis. In various embodiments, these esterified capsaicinoids have a higher lipophilicity, lipid solubility and result in less irritation to the stomach than the parent capsaicinoid, and hence may be included in certain dietary supplement formulations, including capsules, pills and tablets dietary supplement formulations. The dietary supplement compositions may be used for pain management in mammals in vivo and/or in the treatment of various pathological conditions in humans.
1. A nutraceutical or dietary supplemental composition, comprising one or more esterified capsaicinoids, wherein the esterified capsaicinoid has the structure:
R—CO—O 1 CAP (I)
wherein CAP refers to a capsaicinoid and O 1 CAP refers to an oxygen present in an alcohol group of a corresponding non-esterified capsaicinoid, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of C 1-22 alkyl, C 6-22 aryl, C 1-22 alkylene, C 1-22 alkenyl, C 1-22 alkynyl and C 1-22 arylene, wherein the composition lacks a secondary therapeutic agent.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, dodecyl, 1-pentadecyl, 1-heptadecyl, 1-hexadecyl, 1-octadecyl, isopropyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, 2-methylbutyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl, vinyl (ethenyl), 1-propenyl, i-butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, n-decenyl, —CH 2 —CH 2 —COOH and c-pentenyl.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein said CAP is selected from the group consisting of capsaicin, civamide, homocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, n-vanillyloctanamide, nonivamide and n-vanillyldecanamide.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said esterified capsaicinoid is selected from the group consisting of capsaicin palmitate (palmitoyl capsaicin) and capsaicin stearate (stearoyl capsaicin).
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition is formulated for oral administration.
6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein said composition further comprises one or more antioxidants.
7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, ascorbyl palmitate, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfate, curcumin, curcumin derivatives, ursolic acid, resveratrol, resveratrol derivatives, alpha-lipoic acid and monothioglycerol.
8. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the composition comprises one or more acceptable polysaccharides.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the polysaccharide is dextran sulfate, pectin, modified pectin, insoluble 1,3-β-D glucan, micronized 1,3-β-D glucan, soluble 1,3-β-D glucan, phosphorylated 1,3-β-D glucan, aminated 1,3-β-D glucan and carboxymethylated 1,3-β-D glucan, sulfated 1,3-β-D glucan, insoluble 1,3/1,6-β-D glucan, micronized 1,3/1,6-β-D glucan, soluble 1,3/1,6-β-D glucan, phosphorylated 1,3/1,6-β-D glucan, aminated 1,3/1,6-β-D glucan and carboxymethylated 1,3/1,6-β-D glucan or sulfated 1,3/1,6-β-D glucan.
10. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the dietary supplement composition comprises from 0.025% to 20% by weight of the esterified capsaicinoid.
11. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the dietary supplement composition comprises from 0.05% to 20% by weight of the esterified capsaicinoid.
12. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the dietary supplement composition comprises from 0.05% to 10% by weight of the esterified capsaicinoid.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition comprises from about 5 to 25 mg of said esterified capsaicinoid.
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition comprises one or more additional nutraceutical or dietary supplement agents.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises one or more acceptable preservatives or buffering agents.
16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the composition comprises a buffering agent, wherein the buffering agent is selected from the group consisting of monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphate, sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium acetate and sodium tartrate.
17. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the wherein the composition comprises a preservative, wherein the preservative is methylparaben, methylparaben sodium, propylparaben, propylparaben sodium, benzalkonium chloride or benzthonium chloride.