Activated base metal catalysts
Nitro-compounds are hydrogenated with an activated Ni catalyst whose Ni/Al alloy also contained one or more elements from the list of Cu, Ag and Au prior to activation. In combination with the Group IB elements mentioned above, this catalyst can also be doped with other elements via their addition to the Ni/Al alloy prior to activation and/or they can be adsorbed onto the surface of the catalyst either during or after the activation of the alloy. The suitable doping elements for the alloy prior to activation in combination with the group IB elements mentioned above are one or more of the elements from the list of Mg, Ti, Ce, Cr, V, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Co, Tr, Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt and Bi. The suitable doping elements that may be adsorbed onto the surface of the catalyst that was previously doped in the alloy prior to activation with the group IB elements mentioned above are one or more elements from the list Mg, Ca, Ba, Ti, Ce, V, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au and Bi.
1. A catalyst comprising a Ni/Al alloy doped with Cu and Fe wherein:
a) said Ni/Al alloy doped with Cu and Fe has been activated;
b) Cu and Fe are each present in the activated catalyst at 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %;
c) Al is present in the activated catalyst at 0.05 wt % to 10 wt %.
2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said Ni/Al alloy is further doped with Cr and said Cr is present in the activated catalyst at 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %.
3. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the activated catalyst comprises between 0.01 wt % and 2.4 wt % of Cr and between 0.01 wt % and 1.9 wt % of Fe.
4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said Ni/Al alloy is further doped with one or more additional doping elements selected from the group consisting of: Mg, Ti, V, Mo, Co, Pd and Pt, and where one or more additional doping elements are present in the activated catalyst at 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %.
5. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein said Ni/Al alloy is further doped with Cr and said Cr is present in the activated catalyst at 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %.
6. The catalyst of claim 1 , further comprising one or more postactivation doping elements selected from the group consisting of: Mg, V, Cr, Mo, Fe, Co, Pd, Pt, Cu and Au, adsorbed to the surface of the activated catalyst, wherein each of said postactivation doping elements is present in the activated catalyst at 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %.
7. The catalyst of claim 6 , wherein said Ni/Al alloy is further doped with Cr and said Cr is present in the activated catalyst at 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %.
8. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said Ni/Al alloy is further doped with one or more additional doping elements selected from the group consisting of: Ce, W, Mn, Re, Ir, Ru, Rh and Bi, and where said one or more additional doping elements are present in the activated catalyst at 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %.
9. The catalyst of claim 8 , wherein said Ni/Al alloy is further doped with Cr and said Cr is present in the activated catalyst at 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %.
10. The catalyst of claim 8 , further comprising one or more postactivation doping elements selected from the group consisting of: Mg, V, Cr, Mo, Fe, Co, Pd, Pt, Cu and Au, adsorbed to the surface of the activated catalyst, wherein each of these doping elements is present in the activated catalyst at 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %.
11. The catalyst of claim 10 , wherein said Ni/Al alloy is further doped with Cr and said Cr is present in the activated catalyst at 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %.
12. A method for the hydrogenation of a nitro-compound, comprising reacting said nitro compound with hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst of claim 1 .
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein said nitro-compound is a nitrated aromatic.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein said hydrogenation of said nitro-compound is carried out continuously.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein said Ni/Al alloy in said catalyst is further doped with Cr and said Cr is present in the activated catalyst at 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said nitro-compound is a nitrated aromatic.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein said hydrogenation of said nitro-compound is carried out continuously.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the activated catalyst comprises between 0.01 wt % and 2.4 wt % of Cr and between 0.01 wt % and 1.9 wt % of Fe.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein said nitro-compound is a nitrated aromatic.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein said hydrogenation of said nitro-compound is carried out continuously.