M13 bacteriophage as a chemoaddressable nanoparticle for biological and medical applications
Reactive and modified M13 bacteriophages, and methods of making and using the same, are generally provided. The reactive M13 bacteriophage can include a alkyne functional group covalently attached to the M13 bacteriophage. The modified M13 bacteriophage can include a substituent covalently attached to the M13 bacteriophage via a 1,2,3-triazole linkage. Dual-modified M13 bacteriophages are also generally provided, and can include a cancer-targeting substituent covalently attached to the M13 bacteriophage and a fluorescent group covalently attached to the M13 bacteriophage. The modified M13 bacteriophages can not only be employed as a fluorescent probe for cancer imaging, but also can be used as biomaterials for cell alignment and scaffolding.
1. A method of modifying a M13 bacteriophage, the method comprising covalently attaching an alkyne functional group to the M13 bacteriophage to form a reactive M13 bacteriophage, wherein the reactive M13 bacteriophage comprises:
where M13 represents a peptide chain of the M13 bacteriophage; and
reacting the alkyne functional group with an azide functional group of a substituent to form a modified M13 bacteriophage covalently bonded to the substituent via a 1,2,3-triazole linkage.
2. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the modified M13 bacteriophage covalently bonded to the substituent via the 1,2,3-triazole linkage comprises:
where R represents the substituent and M13 represents a peptide chain of the M13 bacteriophage.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising
covalently attaching a fluorescent group to the M13 bacteriophage.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein covalently attaching the fluorescent group to the M13 bacteriophage comprises reacting a terminal amine of an alanine amino acid or a functional amino group of a lysine amino acid with the fluorescent group.