Germanium ingots/wafers having low micro-pit density (MPD) as well as systems and methods for manufacturing same
Systems and methods are disclosed for crystal growth including features of reducing micropit cavity density in grown germanium crystals. In one exemplary implementation, there is provided a method of inserting an ampoule with raw material into a furnace having a heating source, growing a crystal using a vertical growth process wherein movement of a crystallizing temperature gradient relative to the raw material/crucible is achieved to melt the raw material, and growing, at a predetermined crystal growth length, the material to achieve a monocrystalline crystal, wherein monocrystalline ingots having reduced micro-pit densities are reproducibly provided.
1. A method of growing monocrystalline germanium (Ge) crystals in a crystal growth furnace including a heating source, a plurality of heating zones, an ampoule and a crucible, the method comprising:
loading raw Ge material into the crucible;
sealing the crucible and the container;
placing the crucible into the crystal growth furnace having a crucible support;
melting the raw Ge material in the crucible to create a melt;
controlling a crystallizing temperature gradient of the melt while placing the melt in contact with the seed crystal;
forming a monocrystalline germanium ingot via movement of the crystallizing temperature gradient and/or the crucible relative to each other; and
cooling the monocrystalline germanium ingot;
wherein monocrystalline germanium ingots having a micro-pit density (MPD) of greater than about 0.025/cm 2 and less than about 0.51/cm 2 are reproducibly provided.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein monocrystalline germanium ingots having a micro-pit density of greater than about 0.025/cm 2 and less than about 0.26/cm 2 are provided.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein monocrystalline germanium ingots having a micro-pit density of greater than about 0.025/cm 2 and less than about 0.13/cm 2 are provided.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein monocrystalline germanium ingots having a micro-pit density less than about 0.13/cm 2 are provided.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein monocrystalline germanium ingots having a micro-pit density of greater than about 0.025/cm 2 and less than about 0.26/cm 2 are provided.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising adding Arsenic (As) as a dopant to the germanium crystal.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising adding Gallium (Ga) as a dopant to the germanium crystal.
8. A single crystal germanium product produced by a process of:
loading raw Ge material into a crucible;
sealing the crucible;
placing the crucible into a crystal growth furnace having a crucible support;
melting the raw Ge material in the crucible to create a melt;
controlling a crystallizing temperature gradient of the melt while placing the melt in contact with the seed crystal;
forming a monocrystalline germanium ingot via movement of the crystallizing temperature gradient and/or the crucible relative to each other; and
cooling the monocrystalline germanium ingot;
wherein the product includes germanium from a monocrystalline germanium ingot, produced by the process, having a micro-pit density (MPD) of greater than about 0.025/cm 2 and less than about 0.51/cm 2 are reproducibly provided.
9. The product of claim 8 wherein the monocrystalline germanium ingot has a micro-pit density of greater than about 0.025/cm 2 and less than about 0.26/cm 2 are provided.
10. The product of claim 8 wherein the monocrystalline germanium ingot has a micro-pit density of greater than about 0.025/cm 2 and less than about 0.13/cm 2 are provided.
11. The product of claim 8 wherein the monocrystalline germanium ingot has a micro-pit density less than about 0.13/cm 2 are provided.
12. The product of claim 8 wherein the monocrystalline germanium ingot has a micro-pit density of greater than about 0.025/cm 2 and less than about 0.26/cm 2 are provided.
13. The product of claim 8 wherein the monocrystalline germanium ingot is formed using Arsenic (As) as a dopant to the germanium crystal.
14. The product of claim 8 wherein the monocrystalline germanium ingot is formed using Gallium (Ga) as a dopant to the germanium crystal.