Composite metal foam and methods of preparation thereof
The present invention is directed to composite metal foams comprising hollow metallic spheres and a solid metal matrix. The composite metal foams show high strength, particularly in comparison to previous metal foams, while maintaining a favorable strength to density ratio. The composite metal foams can be prepared by various techniques, such as powder metallurgy and casting.
1. A composite metallic foam comprising:
a plurality of hollow metallic spheres having an average diameter of about 1.5 mm to about 10 mm,
an average wall thickness that is about 2% to about 8% of the average sphere diameter, and an average wall porosity of less than about 10%; and
an interstitial space between the spheres that is filled with a solid metal matrix;
wherein the metallic foam has a strength, evaluated as the plateau stress, of at least 35 MPa, has a density of less than about 3.5 g/cm 3 , and exhibits an energy absorption of at least about 20 MJ/m 3 .
2. The composite metallic foam of claim 1 , wherein the hollow metallic spheres and the solid metal matrix comprise the same metal type.
3. The composite metallic foam of claim 1 , wherein the hollow metallic spheres and the solid metal matrix comprise different metal types.
4. The composite metallic foam of claim 1 , wherein the metal comprising the solid metal matrix has a melting point that is at least 25° C. less than the solidus temperature of the metal comprising the hollow metallic spheres.
5. The composite metallic foam of claim 1 , wherein the hollow metallic pieces comprise steel and the solid metal matrix comprises aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
6. The composite metallic foam of claim 1 , wherein the hollow metallic pieces comprise steel and the solid metal matrix comprises steel.
7. The composite metallic foam of claim 1 , wherein the hollow metallic pieces comprise chromium and the solid metal matrix comprises chromium.
8. The composite metallic foam of claim 1 , wherein the hollow metallic pieces comprise titanium and the solid metal matrix comprises titanium.
9. The composite metallic foam of claim 1 , wherein the solid metal matrix is a sintered mass of a mixture of metal powders formed of a first metal powder having a first average particle size and at least a second metal powder having a second, different average particle size, the particle sizes being between about 1 μm and about 200 μm.
10. A composite metallic foam comprising a plurality of hollow stainless steel spheres with an interstitial space between the spheres that is filled with a solid metal matrix that is a sintered mass of stainless steel powder and a graphite additive.
11. The composite metallic foam of claim 10 , wherein the metallic foam has a strength, evaluated as the plateau stress, of at least 35 MPa, has a density of less than about 3.5 g/cm 3 , and exhibits an energy absorption of at least about 20 MJ/m 3 .
12. A composite metallic foam comprising a plurality of hollow metallic spheres comprising chromium or titanium with an interstitial space between the spheres that is filled with a solid metal matrix that is a sintered mass of metal powder comprising chromium or titanium.
13. The composite metallic foam of claim 12 , wherein the metal powder comprises a first powder having a first average particle size and at least a second metal powder having a second, different average particle size, the particle sizes being between about 1 μm and about 200 μm.
14. The composite metallic foam of claim 12 , wherein the metallic foam has a strength, evaluated as the plateau stress, of at least 35 MPa, has a density of less than about 3.5 g/cm 3 , and exhibits an energy absorption of at least about 20 MJ/m 3 .
15. A structure comprising a composite metallic foam according to claim 1 , wherein the structure comprises a marine structure, a space vehicle, an automobile, or a building.
16. A blast panel comprising a composite metallic foam according to claim 1 .
17. A medical implant comprising a composite metallic foam according to claim 1 .
18. A structure comprising a composite metallic foam according to claim 10 , wherein the structure comprises a marine structure, a space vehicle, an automobile, or a building.
19. A blast panel comprising a composite metallic foam according to claim 10 .
20. A medical implant comprising a composite metallic foam according to claim 10 .
21. A structure comprising a composite metallic foam according to claim 12 , wherein the structure comprises a marine structure, a space vehicle, an automobile, or a building.
22. A blast panel comprising a composite metallic foam according to claim 12 .
23. A medical implant comprising a composite metallic foam according to claim 12 .