Luminescent metal ion complexes

1. A metal ion coordinating component of a luminescent metal ion complex comprising:

(i) a solid support covalently bonded to a non-nucleic acid spacer;

(ii) a nucleobase covalently bonded to said non-nucleic acid spacer, wherein said nucleobase comprises a nitrogenous base;

(iii) a linker covalently bonded to said nitrogenous base; and

(iv) a metal ion coordinating moiety covalently bonded to said linker to form said metal ion coordinating component.

2. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 1 , wherein said first nucleobase is covalently bonded to an oligonucleotide.

3. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 2 , wherein said oligonucleotide comprises from 1 to 5 additional metal ion coordinating moieties covalently bound to said oligonucleotide.

4. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 1 , wherein said metal ion coordinating moiety is a bidentate metal ion coordinating moiety.

5. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 1 wherein said linker has the formula:

wherein,

R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, and OR 5 , wherein

R 5 is selected from hydrogen and substituted or unsubstituted alkyl;

Q 1 and Q 2 are individually selected from the group consisting of a bond, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl;

x and z are individually selected from the integers 0 to 10;

y is selected from the integers 1 to 10.

6. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 4 , wherein said bidentate metal ion coordinating moiety is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted bipyridyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenanthroline, substituted or unsubstituted 2,4 pentanediene, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxamate, substituted or unsubstituted terpyridine, substituted or unsubstituted dipyridophenazine, and substituted or unsubstituted acetylacetonate.

7. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 4 , wherein said nitrogenous base is selected from the group consisting of guanine, thymine, cytosine, adenine, and uracil.

8. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 4 , wherein said solid support is controlled pore glass.

9. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 4 , wherein said bidentate metal ion coordinating moiety has the formula:

wherein,

R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, OR A , NR B R c , NR D OR E , SR F , and SO 2 R G wherein R 4 and R 5 are optionally joined together with the atoms to which they are attached to form a 3 to 8 membered ring,

R A , R B , R C , R D , R E , R F , and R G are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, and

one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 is attached to said linker.

10. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 2 , further comprising a quencher of excited state energy, wherein said quencher is covalently attached to said oligonucleotide.

11. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 4 , further comprising a metal ion, a second metal ion coordinating component, and a third metal ion coordinating component, wherein said metal ion coordinating component, said second metal ion coordinating component and said third metal ion coordinating component are coordinated to said metal ion to form said luminescent metal ion complex.

12. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 11 , wherein said metal ion coordinating component comprises a first bidentate metal ion coordinating moiety, said second metal ion coordinating component comprises a second bidentate metal ion coordinating moiety, and said third metal ion coordinating component comprises a third bidentate metal ion coordinating moiety.

13. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 12 , wherein said first bidentate metal ion coordinating moiety, said second bidentate metal ion coordinating moiety, and said third bidentate metal ion coordinating moiety are individually selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted bipyridyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenanthroline, substituted or unsubstituted 2,4 pentanediene, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxamate, substituted or unsubstituted terpyridine, and substituted or unsubstituted acetylacetonate.

14. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 11 , wherein said metal ion is selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, osmium, and rhenium.

15. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 11 , further comprising a quencher of excited state energy.

16. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 5 , wherein

x and z are individually selected from the integers 0 to 5; and

y is selected from the integers 1 to 5.

17. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 1 , wherein said linker has the formula:

wherein,

R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, and OR 5 , wherein

R 5 is selected from hydrogen and substituted or unsubstituted alkyl;

Q 1 and Q 2 are individually selected from the group consisting of a bond, —NH—, —C(O)—, —C(O)NH—, —C(O)O—, —O—, —S—, —S—S—, and —N═N—;

x and z are individually selected from the integers 0 to 10;

y is selected from the integers 1 to 10.

18. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 17 , wherein

x and z are individually selected from the integers 0 to 5; and

y is selected from the integers 1 to 5.

19. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 17 , wherein Q 1 is —NH— and Q 2 is —C(O)NH—.

20. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 17 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are hydrogen.

21. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 1 , having the formula:

wherein

R 9 is a member selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, a nucleobase and an oligonucleotide;

R 10 is a member selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, halogen, and OR 12

wherein R 12 is a member selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl;

R 11 is said metal ion coordinating moiety;

X is said non-nucleic acid spacer;

B is said nitrogenous base;

L is said linker; and

S is said solid support.

22. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 21 , further comprising a metal ion, a second metal ion coordinating component, and a third metal ion coordinating component, wherein said metal ion coordinating component, said second metal ion coordinating component and said third metal ion coordinating component are coordinated to said metal ion to form said luminescent metal ion complex.

23. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 21 , having the formula:

wherein

R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, OR A , NR B R C , NR D OR E , SR F , and SO 2 R G

wherein

R 4 and R 5 are optionally joined together with the atoms to which they are attached to form a 3 to 8 membered ring; and

R A , R B , R C , R D , R E , R F , and R G are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.

24. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 23 , further comprising a metal ion, a second metal ion coordinating component, and a third metal ion coordinating component, wherein said metal ion coordinating component, said second metal ion coordinating component and said third metal ion coordinating component are coordinated to said metal ion to form said luminescent metal ion complex.

25. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 23 , having the formula:

wherein

t and n are independently selected from the integers 0 to 10; and

m is selected from the integers 1 to 10.

26. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 25 , further comprising a metal ion, a second metal ion coordinating component, and a third metal ion coordinating component, wherein said metal ion coordinating component, said second metal ion coordinating component and said third metal ion coordinating component are coordinated to said metal ion to form said luminescent metal ion complex.

27. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 25 , wherein

t and n are independently selected from the integers 0 to 5; and

m is selected from the integers 1 to 5.

28. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 27 , having the formula:

29. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 28 , further comprising a metal ion, a second metal ion coordinating component, and a third metal ion coordinating component, wherein said metal ion coordinating component, said second metal ion coordinating component and said third metal ion coordinating component are coordinated to said metal ion to form said luminescent metal ion complex.

30. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 29 , wherein said metal ion is ruthenium; and

said second metal ion coordinating component and said third metal ion coordinating component are each substituted or unsubstituted bipyridyl.

31. The metal ion coordinating component of claim 30 , wherein

said metal ion is Ru 2+ ; and

said second metal ion coordinating component and said third metal ion coordinating component are each 2,2′-bipyridine.

32. A nucleic acid luminescent metal ion complex having the formula:

wherein

R 9 is an oligonucleotide;

R 10 is a member selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, halogen, and OR 12

wherein R 12 is a member selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl;

R 13 is OH;

B is a nitrogenous base;

L is a linker; and

R 31 is a luminescent metal ion complex.

33. The nucleic acid luminescent metal ion complex of claim 32 , wherein R 10 is hydrogen.

34. The nucleic acid luminescent metal ion complex of claim 32 , having the formula:

wherein

R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are independently selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, OR A , NR B R C , NR D OR E , SR F , and SO 2 R G

wherein

R 4 and R 5 are optionally joined together with the atoms to which they are attached to form a 3 to 8 membered ring; and

R A , R B , R C , R D , R E , R F , and R G are independently selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , and R 30 are independently selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, OR A , NR B R C , NR D OR E , SR F , and SO 2 R G

wherein

R 18 and R 19 are optionally joined together with the atoms to which they are attached to form a 3 to 8 membered ring; and

R 26 and R 27 are optionally joined together with the atoms to which they are attached to from a 3 to 8 membered ring; and

M is a metal ion selected from a lanthanide metal and a transition metal.

35. The nucleic acid luminescent metal ion complex of claim 34 , wherein said metal ion is selected from ruthenium, osmium, and rhenium.

36. The nucleic acid luminescent metal ion complex of claim 34 , having the formula:

wherein

t and n are independently selected from the integers 0 to 10; and

m is selected from the integers 1 to 10.

37. The nucleic acid luminescent metal ion complex of claim 36 , wherein

t and n are independently selected from the integers 0 to 5; and

m is selected from the integers 1 to 5.

38. The nucleic acid luminescent metal ion complex of claim 37 , having the formula: