Method for ultra-fast controlling of a magnetic cell and related devices
The present invention relates to a device and corresponding method for ultrafast controlling of the magnetization of a magnetic element. A device ( 100 ) includes a surface acoustic wave generating means ( 102 ), a transport layer ( 104 ), which is typically functionally and partially structurally comprised in said SAW generating means ( 102 ), and at least one ferromagnetic element ( 106 ). A surface acoustic wave is generated and propagates in a transport layer ( 104 ) which typically consists of a piezo-electric material. Thus, strain is induced in the transport layer ( 104 ) and in the ferromagnetic element ( 106 ) in contact with this transport layer ( 104 ). Due to magneto elastic coupling this generates an effective magnetic field in the ferromagnetic element ( 106 ). If the surface acoustic wave has a frequency substantially close to the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency ν FMR the ferromagnetic element ( 106 ) is absorbed well and the magnetization state of the element can be controlled with this FMR frequency. The device can be used in an RF-magnetic resonator, a sensor and a camera. The corresponding method can be used for ultrafast reading-out and switching of magnetic components and in magnetic logic.
1. A method comprising:
providing a device that includes:
at least one ferromagnetic element having a ferromagnetic resonance frequency ν FMR and being capable of magneto-elastic energy conversion; and
a layer comprising piezoelectric material, the layer being adapted for transporting a surface acoustic wave having a frequency ν SAW ;
wherein the layer comprising piezoelectric material is in contact with the at least one ferromagnetic element and the surface acoustic wave frequency ν SAW is substantially equal to the ferromagnetic resonance frequency ν FMR or an integer multiple of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency ν FMR ;
generating a surface acoustic wave in the layer comprising piezoelectric material, such that the surface acoustic wave interacts with the ferromagnetic element to influence a magnetization of the ferromagnetic element;
dynamically measuring a variation of a characteristic parameter influenced by the ferromagnetic element;
deriving, from the variation of the characteristic parameter, a corresponding value of a measured quantity.
2. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
allowing the ferromagnetic element to interact with an environment for which an environmental quantity is to be measured;
wherein the deriving of the measured quantity includes deriving the environmental quantity from the variation of the characteristic parameter.
3. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the physical quantity of the ferromagnetic element is a magneto resistance of the ferromagnetic element.
4. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the deriving from the variation of the characteristic parameter a corresponding value of the physical quantity comprises:
deriving from the dynamic measurement a degree of anisotropy of the at least one ferromagnetic element; and
deriving from the degree of anisotropy a corresponding value of the physical quantity.
5. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the variation in the characteristic parameter influenced by the at least one ferromagnetic element is induced by the magnetization or magnetization direction of the ferromagnetic element.
6. A method according to claim 2 , further comprising applying an additional magnetic field at the ferromagnetic resonance frequency or an integer multiple of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency ν FMR .
7. A method according to claim 6 , wherein the surface acoustic wave has a frequency ν SAW substantially equal to the ferromagnetic resonance frequency ν FMR or an integer multiple of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency ν FMR .
8. A method according to claim 6 , wherein the integer multiple is an even integer multiple.
9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the device includes a plurality of said ferromagnetic elements in contact with the piezoelectric layer, further comprising:
allowing the plurality of ferromagnetic elements to interact with an environment for which a magnetic image is to be created;
and wherein:
the generating a surface acoustic wave includes generating a surface acoustic wave that interacts with the plurality of ferromagnetic elements so as to influence a magnetization state of the ferromagnetic elements;
the dynamic measuring includes dynamically measuring, for each of the plurality of ordered ferromagnetic elements, a variation of characteristic parameters influenced by the ferromagnetic elements; and
the deriving includes deriving, from the variation of the characteristic parameters, a corresponding value of a physical quantity for each of the plurality of ordered ferromagnetic elements.
10. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the physical quantity for each of the ferromagnetic elements is a magneto resistance of the ferromagnetic elements.
11. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the allowing the plurality of ordered ferromagnetic elements to interact with an environment and the generating a surface acoustic wave is performed one time for all ferromagnetic elements in parallel and wherein the dynamically measuring the variation and the deriving a corresponding value is performed on a per ferromagnetic element basis.
12. A method according to claim 9 , further comprising applying an additional magnetic field at the ferromagnetic resonance frequency or an integer multiple of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency ν FMR .
13. A method according to claim 12 , wherein the surface acoustic wave has a frequency ν SAW substantially equal to the ferromagnetic resonance frequency ν FMR or an integer multiple of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency ν FMR .
14. A method according to claim 12 , wherein the integer multiple is an even integer multiple.
15. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the measured quantity is a readout-value of the ferromagnetic element, and wherein:
the generating of the surface acoustic wave is such that a precessional movement of a magnetization in the ferromagnetic element is achieved and such that a corresponding magnetization state of the at least one ferromagnetic element is not switched.
16. A method according to claim 15 , wherein the characteristic parameter influenced by the ferromagnetic element is a magneto resistance of the ferromagnetic element.
17. A method according to claim 15 , wherein the deriving from the variation of the characteristic parameter the read-out value comprises:
deriving a phase difference between an input signal applied to a surface acoustic wave generating means and an output signal obtained from the dynamic measurement of the characteristic parameter; and
deriving from the phase difference the read-out value.
18. A method according to claim 15 , wherein the read-out value corresponds with a distinct number of specific values.
19. A method according to claim 15 , further comprising applying an additional magnetic field at the ferromagnetic resonance frequency or an integer multiple of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency ν FMR .
20. A method according to claim 19 , wherein the surface acoustic wave has a frequency ν SAW substantially equal to the ferromagnetic resonance frequency ν FMR or an integer multiple of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency ν FMR .
21. A method according to claim 19 , wherein the integer multiple is an even integer multiple.
22. A method according to claim 15 , further comprising switching the ferromagnetic element by a method that includes:
generating a surface acoustic wave that operates to achieve a precessional movement of a magnetization in the ferromagnetic element; and
orienting a corresponding magnetization state of the ferromagnetic element.
23. A method for switching at least one ferromagnetic element, comprising:
generating a surface acoustic wave in a layer comprising piezoelectric material, the layer being in contact with the at least one ferromagnetic element, the generating a surface acoustic wave being for achieving a precessional movement of a magnetization in the ferromagnetic element; and
orienting a corresponding magnetization state of the ferromagnetic element.
24. A method according to claim 23 , wherein the orienting the magnetization state of the ferromagnetic element is performed by generating a ferromagnetic element specific additional field.
25. A method according to claim 23 , wherein the surface acoustic wave is one of a Rayleigh wave with an angle between an easy axis of the ferromagnetic element and a direction of effective field of 90° during a first half period of the Rayleigh wave and a shear wave with the angle between the direction of an easy axis of the ferromagnetic element and the direction of the effective magnetic field generated greater than 45°.
26. A method according to claim 23 , further comprising applying an additional magnetic field at the ferromagnetic resonance frequency or an integer multiple of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency ν FMR .
27. A method according to claim 26 , wherein the surface acoustic wave has a frequency ν SAW substantially equal to the ferromagnetic resonance frequency ν FMR or an integer multiple of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency ν FMR .
28. A method according to claim 26 , wherein the integer multiple is an even integer multiple.
29. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
monitoring absorption of a surface acoustic wave by the ferromagnetic element;
deriving from the absorption a difference between a working frequency of the surface acoustic wave and a ferromagnetic resonance frequency of the ferromagnetic element; and
tuning the working frequency of the surface acoustic wave towards the ferromagnetic resonance frequency.
30. A method according to claim 29 , wherein the tuning of the working frequency of the surface acoustic wave generating means towards the ferromagnetic resonance frequency is tuning the working frequency to a frequency slightly different from the ferromagnetic resonance frequency.
31. A method according to claim 30 , wherein the frequency corresponds with the absorption of the surface acoustic wave by the ferromagnetic element within 1% and 99% of the absorption of the surface acoustic wave by the ferromagnetic element at the ferromagnetic resonance frequency.