System and method for efficient adaptive joint estimation of battery cell state-of-charge, resistance, and available energy

1. A method for dynamically determining an estimated battery cell state-of-charge indicative of a state-of-charge of a battery cell, comprising:

determining, via a processor, an adapted estimated polarization voltage vector corresponding to battery cell polarization voltages at a first time based at least in part on a difference between a measured cell terminal voltage and an estimated cell terminal voltage at a second time prior to the first time;

measuring, via one or more sensors, at least one of a battery cell voltage, a battery cell current, and a battery cell temperature at the first time;

determining, via the processor, the estimated battery cell state-of-charge based on the adapted estimated polarization voltage vector, and at least one of the battery cell voltage, the battery cell current, and the battery cell temperature measured at the first time; and

storing, at the processor, a value corresponding to the estimated battery cell state-of-charge at the first time in a memory.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the adapted estimated polarization voltage vector corresponding to the battery cell polarization voltages at the first time comprises:

determining the estimated cell terminal voltage corresponding to the second time, the estimated cell terminal voltage corresponding to the second time being based on at least an estimated battery cell state-of-charge at the second time, an adapted estimated polarization voltage vector at the second time, and a battery cell current at the second time;

determining the difference between the measured battery cell voltage at the second time and the estimated cell terminal voltage corresponding to the second time; and

determining the adapted estimated polarization voltage vector corresponding to the first time, based on the adapted estimated polarization voltage vector corresponding to the second time, the battery cell current at the second time, and the voltage difference.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the estimated battery cell state-of-charge further comprises:

determining an initial battery cell state-of-charge estimate based on the measured battery cell voltage, the measured cell current, and the adapted estimated polarization voltage vector at the first time;

determining a filtered battery cell state-of-charge estimate based on at least one of an initial battery cell state-of-charge estimate corresponding to a present or prior time and a filtered battery cell state-of-charge estimate corresponding to a prior time; and

determining an estimated battery cell state-of-charge based on the filtered battery cell state-of-charge and at least one present or prior measured cell current.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining an estimated battery cell available energy based on the estimated battery cell state-of-charge, a value from an integrated battery cell open-circuit-voltage relationship, and a battery cell capacity value.

5. A method for dynamically jointly determining an estimated battery cell state-of-charge indicative of a state-of-charge of a battery cell and an estimated battery cell resistance indicative of a resistance of a battery cell, the method comprising:

determining, via a processor, an adapted recursive estimated polarization voltage vector corresponding to battery cell polarization voltages based at least in part on a difference between a measured cell terminal voltage and an estimated cell terminal voltage;

measuring, via one or more sensors, at least one of a battery cell voltage, a battery cell current, and a battery cell temperature;

determining, via the processor, the estimated battery cell state-of-charge based on the adapted estimated polarization voltage vector, and the at least one of the battery cell voltage, the battery cell current, and the battery cell temperature; and

determining, via the processor, the estimated battery cell resistance based on the battery cell voltage, the battery cell current, and at least one prior battery cell voltage and one prior battery cell current.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the step of determining the adapted estimated polarization voltage vector corresponding to the battery cell polarization voltages at a first time comprises:

determining the estimated cell terminal voltage corresponding to a second time, the second time being prior to the first time, the estimated cell terminal voltage corresponding to the second time being based on at least an estimated battery cell state-of-charge at the second time, an adapted estimated polarization voltage vector at the second time, and a after battery cell current at the second time;

determining the voltage difference between the measured battery cell voltage at the second time and the estimated cell terminal voltage corresponding to the second time; and

determining the adapted estimated polarization voltage vector corresponding to the first time, based on the adapted estimated polarization voltage vector corresponding to the second time, the battery cell current at the second time, and the voltage difference.

7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the step of determining the estimated battery cell state-of-charge comprises:

determining an initial battery cell state-of-charge estimate based on the measured battery cell voltage, the measured cell current, and the adapted estimated polarization voltage vector;

determining a filtered battery cell state-of-charge estimate based on at least one of an initial battery cell state-of-charge estimate corresponding to a present or prior time and a filtered battery cell state-of-charge estimate corresponding to a prior time; and

determining an estimated battery cell state-of-charge base on the filtered battery state-of-charge and at least one present or prior measured cell current.

8. The method of claim 5 , further comprising determining an estimated battery cell available energy based on the estimated battery cell state-of-charge, a value from an integrated battery cell open-circuit-voltage relationship, and a battery cell capacity value.

9. The method of claim 5 , wherein determining the estimated battery cell resistance based on the battery cell voltage, the battery cell current, and at least one prior battery cell voltage and one prior battery cell current comprises

computing an initial resistance estimate based on a present battery cell voltage, a prior battery cell voltage, a present battery cell current, and a prior battery cell current;

determining the estimated battery cell resistance based on at least one of an initial resistance estimate corresponding to a present or prior time and an estimated battery cell resistance corresponding to a prior time.

10. A system for dynamically determining an estimated battery cell state-of-charge indicative of a state-of-charge of a battery cell, the system comprising:

a voltage sensor electrically coupled to the battery cell, the voltage sensor configured to generate a first signal, the first signal being indicative of a battery cell voltage;

a current sensor electrically coupled to the battery cell, the current sensor configured to generate a second signal, the second signal being indicative of a battery cell current;

a temperature sensor disposed proximate to the battery cell, the temperature sensor configured to generate a third signal, the third signal being indicative of battery cell temperature; and

a computer configured to receive the first, second, and third signals, and to determine the estimated battery cell state-of-charge at a predetermined time based on an adapted estimated polarization voltage vector and at least one of the first, second, and third signals, the adapted estimated polarization voltage vector corresponding to battery cell polarization voltages and being determined based at least in part on a difference between a measured cell terminal voltage and an estimated cell terminal voltage.

11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the computer is further configured to determine an estimated battery cell available energy based on the estimated battery cell state-of-charge, a value from an integrated battery cell open-circuit-voltage relationship, and a battery cell capacity value.

12. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer-readable instructions for performing a method for dynamically determining an estimated battery cell state-of-charge indicative of a state-of-charge of a battery cell, the instructions causes a computer, when executed the instructions, to perform the method, the method comprising:

determining the estimated battery cell state-of-charge based on an adapted estimated polarization voltage vector, and at least one of a battery cell voltage, a battery cell current, and a battery cell temperature, the adapted estimated polarization voltage vector corresponding to battery cell polarization voltages and being determined based at least in part on a difference between a measured cell terminal voltage and an estimated cell terminal voltage; and

storing a value corresponding to the estimated battery cell state-of-charge in a memory.