Electro-thermotherapy of tissue using penetrating microelectrode array
Electrosurgical therapy is provided with an electrode array configured to ablate tissue during insertion of the electrode array into tissue being treated. Once the electrode array is fully inserted, deep heating of the treated tissue can be performed by applying an additional waveform to the tissue with the electrode array. Optionally, the electrical waveform can be varied continuously during insertion of the electrode array to control the extent of coagulation at the side walls and at the bottom of the channels produced by tissue ablation.
1. Apparatus for electrosurgery of tissue, the apparatus comprising:
an array of two or more protruding treatment electrodes adapted to be inserted into tissue and adapted to be connected to an electrical source,
the array of two or more protruding treatment electrodes is configured to be energized by an electrosurgical waveform from the electrical source such that plasma-mediated interactions at the array of two or more protruding treatment electrodes ablate part of the tissue;
one or more return electrodes; and
a compressible pad configured to be disposed between the one or more return electrodes and the tissue during use, the array of two or more protruding treatment electrodes is adapted to project through the compressible pad when inserted into tissue.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more return electrodes includes a return electrode at least partially surrounding the array of two or more protruding treatment electrodes.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more return electrodes includes an array of two or more protruding return electrodes disposed on the array of two or more protruding treatment electrodes.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the array of two or more protruding treatment electrodes is at least one of one-dimensional and two-dimensional.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is configured to provide skin treatment.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrical source is adapted to provide a pulse repetition rate of the electrosurgical waveform of 10 kHz or less.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrical source is adapted to provide a pulse duration of the electrosurgical waveform of 10 μs to 1000 μs.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the electrical source is adapted to provide a pulse duration of the electrosurgical waveform of 20 μs to 200 μs.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrical source is configured to energize the array of protruding treatment electrodes at least one of sequentially and simultaneously.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an electrically insulating material coating the protruding treatment electrodes and defining a thickness, wherein each of the protruding treatment electrodes defines a radius, and wherein the thickness of the electrically insulating material is less than the radius of each of the protruding treatment electrodes.