Parthenocarpy genes in tomato
The present invention relates to Solanum lycopersicum plants carrying one or more of the pat-6, pat-7, pat-8 and pat-9 parthenocarpy genes. Preferred plants comprise a pair of pat-6 and pat-7 genes or a pair of pat-8 and pat-9 genes, whereby preferably the plant is homozygous for at least one of the two genes in the pair, more preferably the plant is homozygous for both genes in the pair. Such plants are capable of producing seedless tomatoes. The invention further relates to methods for producing plants carrying one or more of the pat-6, pat-7, pat-8 and pat-9 parthenocarpy genes using marker-assisted breeding.
1. A Solanum lycopersicum plant homozygous for a pat-6 parthenocarpy gene and homozygous for at least one of pat-8 and pat-9 parthenocarpy genes:
wherein the pat-6 gene is present on a DNA fragment from a segment of S. habrochaites chromosome 4 between markers TG182 and T0635;
wherein the pat-8 gene is present on a DNA fragment from a segment of S. habrochaites chromosome 4 between markers T0635 and TG287 or between markers T0958 and CT258, and
wherein the pat-9 gene is present on a DNA fragment from a segment of S. habrochaites chromosome 9 between markers TG1519 and At3g24010.
2. A S. lycopersicum plant according to claim 1 , wherein the plant further comprises a pat-7 parthenocarpy gene, wherein the pat-7 gene is present on a DNA fragment from a segment of S. habrochaites chromosome 5 between markers TG441 and TG538 and is linked to the marker CD64.
3. A S. lycopersicum plant according to claim 2 , wherein the plant is homozygous for the pat-7 gene.
4. A S. lycopersicum plant according to claim 2 , wherein at least one of the pat-6, pat-7, pat-8, and pat-9 genes is a gene as present in the S. lycopersicum IVT line-1 or originates from S. habrochaites LYC4.
5. A S. lycopersicum plant according to claim 1 , wherein the plant is homozygous for both the pat-8 and pat-9 genes.
6. A S. lycopersicum plant according to claim 5 , wherein at least one of the pat-8 and pat-9 genes originates from S. habrochaites LYC4 or at least one of the pat-8 and pat-9 genes is a gene as present in the S. lycopersicum IVT line-1.
7. A S. lycopersicum plant according to claim 1 , comprising S. habrochaites pat-8 and pat-9 parthenocarpy genes.
8. A S. lycopersicum plant homozygous for a S. habrochaites se functional sterility gene and homozygous for at least one of pat-8 and pat-9 parthenocarpy genes, wherein
the se gene is present on a DNA fragment from a segment of S. habrochaites chromosome 5 between markers TG538 and TG358 and is linked to the marker T318,
wherein the pat-8 gene is present on a DNA fragment from a segment of S. habrochaites chromosome 4 between markers T0635 and TG287 or between markers T0958 and CT258, and
wherein the pat-9 gene is present on a DNA fragment from a segment of S. habrochaites chromosome 9 between markers TG1519 and At3g24010.
9. A S. lycopersicum plant according to claim 8 , wherein the S. habrochaites se gene is present on a DNA fragment that confers functional sterility as procured by stigma that exsert by at least 1.0 mm in a S. lycopersicum plant of the cultivar Moneymaker when the plant is homozygous for the DNA fragment.
10. A S. lycopersicum plant according to claim 8 , wherein at least one of the pat-8 and pat-9 parthenocarpy genes or the S. habrochaites se gene is a gene as present in the S. lycopersicum IVT line-1 or the S. habrochaites se gene originates from S. habrochaites LYC4.
11. A S. lycopersicum plant according to claim 1 , further comprising a S. habrochaites se functional sterility gene.
12. A S. lycopersicum plant according to claim 11 , wherein the plant is homozygous for the se gene.
13. A S. lycopersicum plant according to any one of claim 1 , wherein the plant is of a commercial tomato type selected from the group consisting of cherry, cocktail, mini plum, plum cocktail, plum, round, and beef.
14. A S. lycopersicum plant according to claim 13 , wherein the plant is of a variety or cultivar selected from the group consisting of Claree, Conchita, Gisela, Favorita, Josefina, Lupita, Prolyco, Lycanto, Amoroso, WS4176, Aranca, Campari, Shiren, Panarea, Tyty, Santa, Santalina, Santella, WS4166, Dasher, Ginko, Balerina, Sunstream, Romana, Savantas, WS4178, WS4179, Reconquista, Recova, Yoga, Torro, Yaki, Durinta, Habana, Plaisance, Mecano, Tricia, Grandella, Bizarr, Brilliant, Axxion, Ingar, Espero, Cedrico, Emotion, Daniela, Aromata, Clotilde, Ever, Clarance, Letitia, Ikram, Boludo, Astona, Bravona, Benevita, Delikata, Admiro, Prego, Growdena, Birloque, Quest, Macarena, Carson, Rapsodi, Cunero, Kumato, Momotaro, Exota, Rosy, Yellow Gold, Orama, Carovita, and Vintage.
15. A S. lycopersicum plant according to claim 1 , wherein the plant further comprises a parthenocarpic gene selected from the group consisting of pat, pat-1, pat-2, pat-3, pat-4, pat-5, ps-2, sha, and sds.
16. Seed that produces a S. lycopersicum plant as defined in claim 1 .
17. Fruit from a S. lycopersicum plant as defined in claim 1 .
18. A method for producing a S. lycopersicum plant that is homozygous for at least one of the pat-6, pat-7, pat-8, pat-9 and se genes, comprising
(a) crossing a first S. lycopersicum plant with a second plant of the Solanum Lycopersicum complex that comprises at least one of the pat-6, pat-7, pat-8, pat-9 and se genes;
(b) backcrossing the F1 generation and further generations for at least two generation with the first S. lycopersicum plant as a recurrent parent;
(c) selfing the furthest backcrossed generation obtained in (b) for at least two generations; and,
(d) selecting for a S. lycopersicum plant that is homozygous for at least one of the pat-6, pat-7, pat-8, pat-9 and se genes using at least one molecular marker in at least one of steps (b) and (c); wherein the molecular marker is diagnostic for the presence of
the pat-6 gene present on a DNA fragment comprised within a segment of S. habrochaites chromosome 4 between markers TG182 and T0635,
the pat-7 gene present on a DNA fragment comprised within a segment of S. habrochaites chromosome 5 between markers TG182 and T0635 and is linked to marker CD64,
the pat-8 gene present on a DNA fragment comprised within a segment of S. habrochaites chromosome 4 between markers T0635 and TG287 or between markers T0958 and CT258,
the pat-9 gene present on a DNA fragment comprised within a segment of S. habrochaites chromosome 9 between markers TG1519 and At3g24010, or
the se gene present on a DNA fragment comprised within a segment of S. habrochaites chromosome 5 between markers TG538 and TG358 and is linked to the marker T318.
19. A method for producing a S. lycopersicum plant capable of carrying seedless tomatoes comprising:
(a) crossing a first S. lycopersicum plant with a second plant of the Solanum lycopersicum complex that comprises at least one of the S. habrochaites pat-6, pat-7, pat-8 and pat-9 genes;
(b) backcrossing the F1 generation and further generations for at least two generation with the first S. lycopersicum plant as a recurrent parent; and,
(c) selfing the furthest backcrossed generation obtained in b) for at least two generations,
(d) selecting for a S. lycopersicum plant comprising at least one of the pat-6, pat-7, pat-8 and pat-9 genes using at least one molecular marker in at least one of steps (b) and (c); wherein the molecular marker is diagnostic for the presence of
the pat-6 gene present on a DNA fragment comprised within a segment of S. habrochaites chromosome 4 between markers TG182 and T0635,
the pat-7 gene present on a DNA fragment comprised within a segment of S. habrochaites chromosome 5 between markers TG182 and T0635 and is linked to marker CD64,
the pat-8 gene present on a DNA fragment comprised within a segment of S. habrochaites chromosome 4 between markers T0635 and TG287 or between markers T0958 and CT258, or
the pat-9 gene present on a DNA fragment comprised within a segment of S. habrochaites chromosome 9 between markers TG1519 and At3g24010.
20. A method according to claim 18 , wherein the molecular marker is selected from the group consisting of markers TG182, T0891, T0958, T0635, 114C15-S, TG609, SSR450, SSR94, CT258, TG441, CD64, TG538, At3g24010, T0156, SSR599, At5g06360, T1065, CT220, TG358 and T318.
21. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the molecular marker is selected from the group consisting of markers TG182, T0891, T0958, T0635, 114C15-S, TG609, SSR450, SSR94, CT258, TG441, CD64, TG538, At3g24010, T0156, SSR599, At5g06360, T1065, CT220, TG358 and T318.
22. Seed that produces a S. lycopersicum plant as defined in claim 8 .
23. Fruit from a S. lycopersicum plant as defined in claim 8 .
24. A method for producing a seedless tomato, the method comprising cultivating a plant as defined in claim 8 under conditions conducive to the production of seedless tomatoes, and harvesting the tomatoes.