Solar modules including spectral concentrators and related manufacturing methods

1. A method of forming a solar module, comprising:

providing a first assembly of layers, the first assembly of layers including a first substrate layer, a first reflector on the first substrate layer, and a first coating directly on the first reflector, the first coating corresponding to a luminescent material and including a first surface facing away from the first reflector;

providing a second assembly of layers, the second assembly of layers including a second substrate layer, a second reflector on the second substrate layer, and a second coating directly on the second reflector, the second coating corresponding to the luminescent material and including a second surface facing away from the second reflector;

positioning the first assembly of layers and the second assembly of layers such that the first surface of the first coating and the second surface of the second coating face one another;

bonding the first coating and the second coating to form a luminescent layer, the luminescent layer including the luminescent material and positioned between the first reflector and the second reflector to form a spectral concentrator; and

optically coupling a photovoltaic cell to a side surface of the spectral concentrator.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the first assembly of layers includes forming the first reflector on the first substrate layer, and providing the second assembly of layers includes forming the second reflector on the second substrate layer.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least one of forming the first reflector and forming the second reflector is carried out by atomic layer deposition of a set of dielectric materials.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the first assembly of layers includes forming the first coating directly on the first reflector by deposition of the luminescent material, and providing the second assembly of layers includes forming the second coating directly on the second reflector by deposition of the luminescent material.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein bonding the first coating and the second coating is carried out by applying pressure and thermal energy to promote inter-diffusion between the first coating and the second coating.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the first assembly of layers includes forming the first coating directly on the first reflector by deposition of a first precursor of the luminescent material, providing the second assembly of layers includes forming the second coating directly on the second reflector by deposition of a second precursor of the luminescent material, and bonding the first coating and the second coating is via reaction between the first precursor and the second precursor of the luminescent material.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein bonding the first coating and the second coating is carried out by applying pressure and thermal energy to promote reaction between the first precursor and the second precursor to form the luminescent material.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the first precursor is a source of B, the second precursor is a source of A and X, B is selected from elements of Group IVB, A is selected from elements of Group IA, and X is selected from elements of Group VIIB.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the first precursor has the formula BY 2 , the second precursor has the formula AX, B is selected from germanium, tin, and lead, Y is selected from chlorine, bromine, and iodine, A is selected from potassium, rubidium, and cesium, and X is selected from chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the luminescent material has the formula A a B b X x , where a is 1, b is in the range of 1 to 5, and x is 1+2b.

11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the first precursor includes a first elemental precursor, the second precursor includes a second elemental precursor, and the luminescent material includes an alloy of the first elemental precursor and the second elemental precursor.