Physical geolocation system
A real-time system for determining the geographic movements of an individual or object by sampling particulates contained thereon. The system includes particle collection, sample preparations, and sample analysis using three primary modes of detecting certain particulates. The first mode involves the imaging of pollen, spores, or other biological material which are visible through a light microscope when properly stained or prepared. The second mode involves the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction to amplify and detect target nucleic acid sequences. The third mode involves the use of X-ray diffraction to identify mineral particles. The results from any mode, or any combination of modes, are analyzed by comparison to a reference database containing geographic information and the results are compiled by a controller for visual display.
1. A method of determining the geographic history of a target, comprising the steps of:
collecting a sample of pollen particles from said target by a sample collection module, wherein said step of collecting a sample of particles from said target comprises taking a high volume air sample and forming an aqueous suspension of said particles;
identifying at least one pollen particle in said sample by at least one analysis module, wherein the step of identifying comprises dividing said aqueous sample into a plurality of sub-samples and collecting information about each said sub-sample, wherein the step of collecting information about each said sub-sample comprises imaging any stainable structures in said particles in at least one sub-sample;
and
determining the geographic history of said target based on said identification of said at least one pollen particle.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of collecting a sample of the particles from said target comprises swabbing said target to collect said particles and transferring said particles to an aqueous solution.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of identifying the at least one particle in said sample comprises the step of:
comparing said collected information to a database containing information about said at least one particle to identify said at least one particle.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the step of comparing said collected information to a database containing information about said at least one particle to identify said at least one particle, comprises the steps of:
compiling said collected information from each at least one sub-sample;
retrieving identifying information from said database; and
matching said identifying information to said collected information to identify said at least one particle in said aqueous sample.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the step of determining the geographic history of said target based on said identification of said at least one particle comprises the steps of:
cross-referencing the identity of each said at least one particle with a database containing geographic information about each said at least one particle; and
calculating the geographic history of said target based on the geographic information of each said at least one particle identified in said aqueous sample.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of preparing a liquid sample of said collected sample by a sample preparation module.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising the step of treating said liquid sample to isolate and purify DNA sequences contained therein by said sample preparation module.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said step of identifying at least one pollen particle in said sample comprises the step of identifying the presence of at least one particular plant DNA sequence by performing a real time polymerase chain reaction on said isolated and purified DNA sequences.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the step of determining further comprises the steps of:
comparing said at least one particular plant DNA sequence with plant DNA sequence data stored in a database containing information about said plant DNA sequence data to identify said particular plant DNA sequence;
matching said at least one particular plant DNA sequence with particular plant DNA sequence data stored in said database, wherein said particular plant DNA sequence data stored in said database is associated with known geographic distributions; and
calculating the geographic history of said target based on the known geographic distributions of said at least one particular plant DNA sequence.
10. The method of claim 6 , further comprising the step of treating said liquid sample to additionally stain for plant particles contained therein by said sample preparation module.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said step of identifying the at least one particle in said sample further comprises the step of identifying the presence of at least one plant particle by performing an image analysis by an image analysis module and obtaining image analysis data of said at least one plant particle.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of determining further comprises the steps of:
comparing said image analysis data of said at least one plant particle with plant particle image analysis data stored in a database containing information about said plant particle image analysis data to identify said at least one plant particle;
matching said image analysis data of said at least one plant particle with particular plant particle image analysis data stored in said database, wherein said particular plant particle image analysis data stored in said database is associated with known geographic distributions; and
calculating the geographic history of said target based on the known geographic distributions of said at least one plant particle.