Processing of lignocellulosic and related materials
A method for processing lignocellulosic precursors that includes the following steps: A. provide a suitably sized lignocellulosic precursor with less than 11% moisture content; B. pack a hydrothermal processing vessel with between 1 and 3 times the free flow volume of the lignocellulosic precursor; C. subject the lignocellulosic precursor in the hydrothermal processing vessel to steam below 100 bar for up to 10 minutes; E. explosively decompress to ambient pressure; and then dry the resultant lignocellulosic product to below about 15% moisture content.
1. A method for processing lignocellulosic precursors that includes the following steps:
A. provide a lignocellulosic precursor with less than 25% moisture content ;
B. pack a hydrothermal processing vessel with lignocellulosic precursor, such that the density of lignocellulosic precursor in the hydrothermal processing vessel is between 1 and 3 times the free flow density of the lignocellulosic precursor;
C. subject the lignocellulosic precursor in the hydrothermal processing vessel to steam below 100 bar for up to 10 minutes;
D. slowly, within about 6 to 20 seconds, reduce the pressure within the hydrothermal processing vessel to between 10 and 20 bar;
E. explosively decompress the hydrothermal processing vessel to ambient pressure;
and then dry the resultant lignocellulosic product to below about 15% moisture content.
2. The method for processing lignocellulosic precursors as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that step E is followed by cooling to ambient before drying the resultant product to below about 15% moisture content.
3. The method for processing lignocellulosic precursors as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the water activity of the lignocellulosic precursor and the steam used in processing step C are measured and/or predetermined.
4. The method for processing lignocellulosic precursors as claimed in claim 3 characterised in that the water activity of the lignocellulosic precursor determines the required water activity of the steam used.
5. The method for processing lignocellulosic precursors as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the steam used in step C is dry, saturated or superheated, between 20 bar and 60 bar.
6. The method for processing lignocellulosic precursors as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the processing in step C is for between 30 seconds and 5 minutes.
7. The method for processing lignocellulosic precursors as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the dried lignocellulosic product is blended with plastic material to form a blended material, such that the plastic material makes up between 5% and 95% of the blended material.
8. The method for processing lignocellulosic precursors as claimed in claim 7 characterised in that the plastic material is one or more thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic materials.
9. The method for processing lignocellulosic precursors as claimed in claim 8 characterised in that the plastic material is a thermoplastic selected from polyethylene and polypropylene with or without additional compatible additives.
10. The method for processing lignocellulosic precursors as claimed in claim 7 characterised in that the blended material is extruded to form pellets or granules.
11. The method for processing lignocellulosic precursors as claimed in claim 10 characterised in that the pellets or granules are used for blow or injection moulding.