Direct application of non-toxic crosslinking reagents to resist progressive spinal degeneration and deformity
A method of treatment of native, non-denatured tissue to increase resistance to tearing, fissuring, rupturing, and/or delamination, comprising the step of: contacting at least a portion of the tissue with an effective amount of a reagent that increases crosslinks in the tissue.
1. A method of treatment of native, non-denatured tissue of the annulus fibrosus of an intervertebral disc that is subject to expulsion or extrusion of any implanted device or material that is present for spinal nucleus treatment, comprising the step of:
contacting at least a portion of the tissue with a composition comprising an effective amount of a reagent that increases crosslinks in the tissue, thereby increasing the resistance of the annulus fibrosus to expulsion or extrusion of an implanted device or material.
2. The method of claim 1 in which there is more than one crosslinking reagent.
3. The method of claim 1 in which the reagent is non-toxic.
4. The method of claim 1 in which the composition contains one or more of the following reagent concentrations:
at least 0.001% (.01mg/ml ) of human recombinant transglutaminase;
at least 0.01% (0.1mg/ml) of purified animal liver transglutaminase:
at least 0.25% genipin;
at least 0.1% proanthrocyanidin;
at least 100 mM EDC;
at least 50 mM non-enzymatic agent; or
at least 0.001% lysyl oxidase.
5. The method of claim 4 in Which the reagent is a non-enzymatic reagent.
6. The method of claim 5 in which the composition further comprises an oxidant, a buffer, or a combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 6 in which the oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, sodium perearbonate, sodium borate, an amino acid hydroperoxide, or perborate, and wherein the butler is sodium bicarbonate or phosphate.
8. The method of claim 4 in which the non-enzymatic agent is one or more of the following agent concentrations:
at least 100 mM ribose
at least 100 mM L-threose;
at least 50 mM methylglyoxal; or
at least 50 mM glyoxal.
9. The method of claim 4 in which the reagent is in a 0.1 M urea solution.
10. The method of claim 4 in which the reagent is in a substantially non-cytotoxic carrier medium.
11. The method of claim 10 in which the pH of the carrier medium is adjusted to be substantially the same as the healthy tissue environment.
12. The method of claim 11 in which the carrier medium is a phosphate buffered saline solution.
13. The method of claim 1 in which the step of contacting at least a portion of the tissue with the reagent is occurs at the same time or prior to or after implantation of a nucleus augmentation or replacement device or material.