Emissions treatment system with lean NOx trap
Systems and methods for abating NOx in an exhaust stream are provided. System using a lean NOx trap, an air injector and optional catalysts and filters are described. The emissions treatment system is advantageously used for the treatment of exhaust streams from diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines.
1. An emissions treatment system for NOx abatement in a diesel exhaust stream from a diesel engine, comprising:
a lean NOx trap (LNT) located downstream of the engine;
an air injector to reduce hydrocarbons located downstream of the NOx trap; and
a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst located downstream of the air injector, wherein when the diesel engine is operated in a rich mode, HC and CO and NH 3 generated over the LNT exit the LNT, the NH 3 is used to reduce NOx over the SCR catalyst and the HC and CO emitted during the rich mode are oxidized by the injected air.
2. The emissions treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the air injector is one or more of a valve, pump or scoop.
3. The emissions treatment system of claim 1 , further comprising a catalyzed soot filter.
4. The emissions treatment system of claim 3 , further comprising a diesel oxidation catalyst located upstream of the catalyzed soot filter.
5. The emissions treatment system of claim 4 , wherein the diesel oxidation catalyst is integrated with the catalyzed soot filter.
6. The emission treatment system of claim 3 , wherein the lean NOx trap is integrated with the catalyzed soot filter.
7. The emissions treatment system of claim 1 , further comprising an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst located downstream of the air injector to reduce ammonia slipping from the LNT.
8. The emissions treatment system of claim 7 , further comprising a catalyzed soot filter located downstream of the air injector.
9. The emission treatment system of claim 8 , wherein the SCR catalyst is integrated with the catalyzed soot filter.
10. The emission treatment system of claim 8 , wherein the AMOX catalyst is integrated with the catalyzed soot filter.
11. The emission treatment system of claim 8 , wherein both the SCR catalyst and the AMOX catalyst are integrated with the catalyzed soot filter.
12. The emissions treatment system of claim 7 , further comprising a reductant injector located upstream of the LNT.
13. The emissions treatment system of claim 12 , wherein the reductant injector is adapted to inject fuel into the exhaust stream or an engine cylinder.
14. The emissions treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the LNT is adapted to form ammonia in situ.
15. A method for abating NOx in an exhaust stream from a lean burn engine comprising: operating the engine in a rich mode, passing the emission stream through a lean NOx trap (LNT) causing the emission of HC and CO and generating NH 3 over the LNT, periodically regenerating the LNT by creating a reducing atmosphere, injecting air in the exhaust stream exiting the LNT, passing the air exhaust stream containing injected air through a selective catalytic reduction catalyst, wherein the HC and CO emitted during the rich mode are oxidized by the injected air.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising passing the exhaust stream through a catalyzed soot filter prior to the LNT.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising passing the exhaust stream through a diesel oxidation catalyst prior to the catalyzed soot filter.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the diesel oxidation catalyst is integrated with the catalyzed soot filter.
19. The method of claim 15 , further comprising passing the exhaust stream containing injected air through an ammonia oxidation catalyst after passing the exhaust stream through the SCR catalyst.