Concave-hemisphere-patterned organic top-light emitting device
A first device is provided. The first device includes an organic light emitting device, which further comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic emissive layer disposed between the first and second electrode. Preferably, the second electrode is more transparent than the first electrode. The organic emissive layer has a first portion shaped to form an indentation in the direction of the first electrode, and a second portion shaped to form a protrusion in the direction of the second electrode. The first device may include a plurality of organic light emitting devices. The indentation may have a shape that is formed from a partial sphere, a partial cylinder, a pyramid, or a pyramid with a mesa, among others. The protrusions may be formed between adjoining indentations or between an indentation and a surface parallel to the substrate.
1. A first device comprising an organic light emitting device, the organic light emitting device comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode;
an organic emissive layer disposed between the first and second electrodes;
wherein the second electrode is more transparent than the first electrode; and
a first portion of the organic emissive layer has a shape that forms an indentation in the direction of the first electrode, wherein every point on the surface of the indentation is within 10 attenuation lengths of an edge of the indentation, measured by traveling along the surface of the indentation; and
a second portion of the organic emissive layer has a shape that forms a protrusion in the direction of the second electrode,
wherein, of the light emitted by the organic layer, at least 5% is waveguide outcoupled and at least 20% is directly outcoupled.
2. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the indentation is concave in the direction of the first electrode.
3. The first device of claim 1 , wherein:
the organic light emitting device is disposed over a substrate;
the first electrode is disposed over the substrate; and
the second electrode is disposed over the first electrode.
4. The first device of claim 3 , wherein the second electrode is an anode.
5. The first device of claim 4 , wherein the first electrode is a cathode, and the first electrode is reflective.
6. The first device of claim 3 , further comprising an outcoupling enhancement layer disposed over the second electrode.
7. The first device of claim 3 , wherein the second electrode is conformal to the organic emissive layer.
8. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the indentation forms a partial sphere.
9. The first device of claim 8 , wherein the partial sphere has a radius of curvature between 1 μm and 1 cm.
10. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the indentation forms a partial cylinder.
11. The first device of claim 10 , wherein the rotationally symmetric aspheric surface has a radius of curvature that is between 1 μm and 1 cm at all points on the surface.
12. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the indentation forms a rotationally symmetric aspheric surface.
13. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the indentation forms an inverted pyramid not having a mesa.
14. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the indentation forms an inverted pyramid having a mesa.
15. The first device of claim 1 , wherein, of the light emitted by the organic layer, at least 5% is waveguide outcoupled and at least 25% is directly outcoupled.
16. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the first device is a consumer device.
17. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the first device further comprises an active matrix backplane.
18. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the organic emissive layer has a shape that includes a plurality of indentations in the direction of the first electrode.
19. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the first device includes a plurality of organic light emitting devices.
20. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the distance between the first and second electrodes has an optical path length of about one half of the peak wavelength of light emitted by the organic emissive layer.
21. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the protrusion is formed at a boundary between two adjoining indentations.
22. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the protrusion is formed at a boundary between an indentation and a surface parallel to the substrate.