Piston with crown cooling nozzle
A piston ( 10, 10′ ) includes a piston body ( 12, 12′ ) having an upper crown portion ( 16, 16′ ) with an upper combustion dome ( 18, 18′ ) against which combustion forces act. The underside of the upper combustion dome ( 18, 18′ ) comprises an under-crown region ( 60, 60′ ). The piston body ( 12, 12′ ) also includes a lower crown portion ( 26, 26′ ) with a pair of pin bosses ( 36, 38 ) spaced apart for pivotally adjoining a connecting rod. An outer oil gallery ( 31, 31′ ) is formed as an inclusion between the upper ( 16, 16′ ) and lower ( 26, 26′ ) crown portions. The outer oil gallery ( 31, 31′ ) has an oil inlet ( 50, 50′ ) and an oil outlet ( 52, 52′ ). A tubular cooling nozzle ( 54, 54′ ) is affixed in fluid communication with the oil outlet ( 52, 52′ ) and extends toward the under-crown region ( 60, 60′ ) where oil is discharged during reciprocation of the piston ( 16, 16′ ). Cooling oil from the outer oil gallery ( 33 ) is channeled by the cooling nozzle ( 54, 54′ ) to the under-crown region ( 60, 60′ ) providing supplemental cooling in a passively actuated system.
1. A piston ( 10 , 10 ′) for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
an upper crown portion ( 16 , 16 ′);
a lower crown portion ( 26 , 26 ′) joined to said upper crown portion;
an outer cooling gallery ( 31 , 31 ′) formed between said upper crown portion ( 16 , 16 ′) and said lower crown portion ( 26 , 26 ′);
an oil inlet ( 50 , 50 ′) communicating directly with said outer cooling gallery ( 31 , 31 ′) for conducting oil into said outer cooling gallery ( 31 , 31 ′);
an oil outlet ( 52 , 52 ′) spaced from said inlet ( 50 , 50 ′) and communicating directly with said outer cooling gallery ( 31 , 31 ′) for conducting oil out of said outer cooling gallery ( 31 , 31 ′); and
a cooling nozzle ( 54 , 54 ′) formed separately from said upper and lower crown portions and communicating directly with said outlet ( 52 , 52 ′) for conducting at least a portion of oil exiting said outer cooling gallery ( 31 , 31 ′) through said outlet ( 52 , 52 ′) and toward an under-crown surface ( 60 , 60 ′) of the piston.
2. The piston of claim 1 , wherein said cooling nozzle ( 54 , 54 ′) comprises a generally tubular member.
3. The piston of claim 1 , wherein said outer cooling gallery ( 31 , 31 ′) has a floor ( 48 , 48 ′), said oil outlet ( 52 , 52 ′) is disposed in said floor ( 48 , 48 ′); and wherein said cooling nozzle ( 54 , 54 ′) extends between one end ( 68 , 68 ′) adjoining said oil outlet ( 52 , 52 ′) and an opposite end ( 70 , 70 ′) is oriented for discharge toward said under-crown surface ( 60 , 60 ′).
4. The piston of claim 3 , wherein said upper crown portion ( 16 , 16 ′) and said lower crown portion ( 26 , 26 ′) are joined together as a unitary piston body ( 12 , 12 ′) extending along a common central reciprocating axis ( 14 , 14 ′); said opposite end ( 70 , 70 ′) of said generally tubular cooling nozzle ( 54 , 54 ′) directed generally toward said central reciprocating axis ( 14 , 14 ′).
5. The piston of claim 3 , further including a coupling interconnection ( 69 , 69 ′) between said one end ( 68 , 68 ′) of said cooling nozzle ( 54 , 54 ′) and said floor ( 48 , 48 ′) of said outer cooling gallery ( 31 , 31 ′).
6. The piston of claim 1 , further including a central cooling gallery ( 33 ) directly below at least a portion of said under-crown surface ( 60 , 60 ′).
7. The piston of claim 6 , wherein said central cooling gallery ( 33 ) includes an inner gallery floor ( 32 ) having a central opening therein; said cooling nozzle ( 54 , 54 ′) extending into said central cooling gallery ( 33 ) through said central opening.
8. The piston of claim 7 , wherein said central cooling gallery ( 33 ) includes an annular flange ( 34 ) separating said inner gallery floor ( 32 ) and said central opening.
9. The piston of claim 1 , wherein said outer cooling gallery ( 31 , 31 ′) has a floor ( 48 , 48 ′), an inner annular wall ( 22 , 22 ′, 28 , 28 ′), an outer annular wall ( 24 , 24 ′, 30 , 30 ′), and a ceiling; said under-crown surface ( 60 , 60 ′) being generally concentrically disposed with respect to said outer cooling gallery ( 31 , 31 ′); a central opening generally concentrically disposed within said inner annular wall ( 22 , 22 ′, 28 , 28 ′); said cooling nozzle ( 54 , 54 ′) extending through said central opening.
10. The piston of claim 1 , wherein said lower crown portion ( 26 , 26 ′) includes a pair of spaced apart pin bosses ( 36 , 38 ), said pin bosses ( 36 , 38 ) having pin bores ( 40 , 42 ) aligned with one another along a pin bore axis ( 44 , 44 ′).
11. The piston of claim 1 , wherein said upper crown portion ( 16 , 16 ′) and said lower crown portion ( 26 , 26 ′) are each pre-formed as separate loose-piece members and subsequently joined together as a unitary piston body ( 12 , 12 ′) extending along a common central reciprocating axis ( 14 , 14 ′).
12. The piston of claim 1 , further including a central cooling gallery ( 33 ) directly below said under-crown surface ( 60 , 60 ′) and generally concentrically disposed relative to said outer cooling gallery ( 31 , 31 ′); an inner annular wall ( 22 , 22 ′, 28 , 28 ′) separating said central cooling gallery ( 33 ) and said outer cooling gallery ( 31 , 31 ′); and a supplemental oil passage ( 66 ) extending through inner annular wall ( 22 , 22 ′, 28 , 28 ′) between said outer cooling gallery ( 31 , 31 ′) and said central cooling gallery ( 33 ).
13. The piston of claim 1 , wherein said outer oil gallery ( 31 , 31 ′) is formed as an inclusion between said upper crown portion ( 16 , 16 ′) and said lower crown portion ( 26 , 26 ′).
14. The piston of claim 1 , including an upper combustion wall ( 18 , 18 ′) having a generally annular recessed combustion bowl ( 20 , 20 ′).
15. A piston ( 10 , 10 ′) for a compression ignition internal combustion engine, comprising:
an upper crown portion ( 16 , 16 ′);
a lower crown portion ( 26 , 26 ′);
said upper crown portion ( 16 , 16 ′) and said lower crown portion ( 26 , 26 ′) each pre-formed as separate loose-piece members and subsequently joined together as a unitary piston body ( 12 , 12 ′) extending along a common central reciprocating axis ( 14 , 14 ′);
an outer oil gallery ( 31 , 31 ′) formed as an inclusion between said upper crown portion ( 16 , 16 ′) and said lower crown portion ( 26 , 26 ′), said outer oil gallery ( 31 , 31 ′) having a floor ( 48 , 48 ′), an inner annular wall ( 22 , 22 ′, 28 , 28 ′), an outer annular wall ( 24 , 24 ′, 30 , 30 ′), and a ceiling;
an oil inlet ( 50 , 50 ′) communicating directly with said outer oil gallery ( 31 , 31 ′) for conducting oil into said outer oil gallery ( 31 , 31 ′);
an oil outlet ( 52 , 52 ′) spaced from said inlet ( 50 , 50 ′) and communicating directly with said outer oil gallery ( 31 , 31 ′) for conducting oil out of said outer oil gallery ( 31 , 31 ′);
a generally tubular passive cooling nozzle ( 54 , 54 ′) having one end ( 68 ) communicating directly with said oil outlet ( 52 , 52 ′) for receiving oil from said outer oil gallery ( 31 , 31 ′) and conducting the oil toward an under-crown surface ( 60 , 60 ′) of the piston; said cooling nozzle ( 54 , 54 ′) including a coupling ( 69 , 69 ′) interconnecting an end ( 68 ) thereof to said floor ( 48 , 48 ′) of said outer cooling gallery ( 31 , 31 ′).
16. A method for cooling a reciprocating piston with oil in an internal combustion engine comprising the steps of:
providing a piston ( 10 , 10 ′) having an upper combustion wall ( 18 , 18 ′) against which combustion forces act, an internal outer oil gallery ( 31 , 31 ′), and an under-crown ( 60 , 60 ′) directly below the upper combustion wall ( 18 , 18 ′) and generally concentrically disposed relative to the outer oil gallery ( 31 , 31 ′);
reciprocating the piston ( 10 , 10 ′) in the internal combustion engine generally along a central reciprocating axis ( 14 , 14 ′);
simultaneously with said reciprocating step, directing a flow of oil into the outer oil gallery ( 31 , 31 ′);
draining the oil from the outer oil gallery ( 31 , 31 ′) through an outlet ( 52 , 52 ′);
and channeling the oil drained from the outer oil gallery ( 31 , 31 ′) directly to the under-crown ( 60 , 60 ′) through a cooling nozzle ( 54 , 54 ′) in the form of a tubular member.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein said draining and channeling steps are directly responsive to said reciprocating step whereby reciprocating movement of the piston ( 10 , 10 ′) along the central reciprocating axis ( 14 , 14 ′) causes the oil to move through the cooling nozzle ( 54 , 54 ′).
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein said channeling step includes discharging the cooling oil from an opposite end ( 70 , 70 ′) of the cooling nozzle ( 54 , 54 ′) along a vector generally directed to intercept the central reciprocating axis ( 14 , 14 ′).
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein said step of providing a piston ( 10 , 10 ′) includes pre-forming an upper crown portion ( 16 , 16 ′) and a lower crown portion ( 26 , 26 ′) as separate loose-piece members and subsequently joining the upper ( 16 , 16 ′) and a lower ( 26 , 26 ′) crown portions together as a unitary piston body ( 12 , 12 ′).
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein said step of subsequently joining the upper ( 16 , 16 ′) and a lower ( 26 , 26 ′) crown portions includes welding.