Biomarkers for sepsis
Biomarkers for sepsis and resulting mortality can be detected by assaying blood samples. Changes in the concentration of the biomarkers can be used to indicate sepsis, risk of sepsis, progression of sepsis, remission from sepsis, and risk of mortality. Changes can be evaluated relative to data sets, natural or synthetic or semisynthetic control samples, or patient samples collected at different time points. Some biomarkers' concentrations are elevated during disease and some are depressed. These are termed informative biomarkers. Some biomarkers are diagnostic in combination with others. Individual biomarkers may be weighted when used in combinations. Biomarkers can be assessed in individual, isolated or assays, in parallel assays, or in single-pot assays.
1. A method of diagnosing sepsis in a human subject suspected of having sepsis, comprising:
determining a concentration of at least one analyte in a fluid test sample from said human subject;
comparing the concentration of each said analyte(s) to a corresponding reference concentration selected to indicate the presence or absence of sepsis, wherein said reference concentration is determined using one or more control samples obtained from one or more human subjects not suffering from sepsis, provided that at least one of said analyte(s) is myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor-1 (“MPIF-1”), wherein an elevation in concentration of said analyte(s) in the test sample of at least about two fold relative to the reference concentration is indicative of the presence of sepsis in the human; and
diagnosing sepsis in the human subject using the result(s) of said comparing step.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said samples comprise blood.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said samples comprise serum.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said samples comprise plasma.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein further provided that at least one analyte is interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (“IL-1 Ra”).
6. The method of claim 1 wherein further provided that at least one analyte is monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (“MCP-1”).
7. The method of claim 1 wherein further provided that at least one analyte is tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (“TNF-R1”).
8. The method of claim 1 wherein sepsis is diagnosed if the concentrations of at least two of said analytes in said test sample are elevated at least about two fold relative to the corresponding reference concentrations.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein an elevation in concentration of MPIF-1 in the test sample of at least about four fold relative to the reference concentration is indicative of the presence of sepsis in said human.