Electric motor stator winding temperature estimation systems and methods
An electric motor system includes an electric motor comprising a stator with windings and a rotor configured to operate at a motor speed; a cooling system comprising coolant configured to cool the rotor and the stator, the coolant having a coolant flow rate and a coolant temperature; an inverter module coupled to the electric motor and configured to provide current to the windings based on inverter control signals; a current regulated torque controller coupled to the inverter module and configured to generate the inverter control signals in response to a derated torque command; and a temperature estimation controller coupled to the current regulated torque controller and configured to generate the derated torque command based on an initial torque command and an estimated stator winding temperature. The temperature estimation controller is configured to estimate the estimated stator winding temperature based on the motor speed and the coolant flow rate.
1. An electric motor system, comprising:
an electric motor comprising a stator with windings and a rotor configured to operate at a motor speed;
a cooling system comprising coolant configured to cool the rotor and the stator, the coolant having a coolant flow rate and a coolant temperature;
an inverter module coupled to the electric motor and configured to provide current to the windings based on inverter control signals;
a current regulated torque controller coupled to the inverter module and configured to generate the inverter control signals in response to a derated torque command; and
a temperature estimation controller coupled to the current regulated torque controller and configured to generate the derated torque command based on an initial torque command and an estimated stator winding temperature,
the temperature estimation controller configured to estimate the estimated stator winding temperature based on the motor speed and the coolant flow rate.
2. The electric motor system of claim 1 , wherein the temperature estimation controller is configured to compare the motor speed to a threshold motor speed, the temperature estimation controller further configured to estimate the stator winding temperature as a high speed stator winding temperature when the motor speed is equal to or greater than the threshold motor speed and as a low speed stator winding temperature when the motor speed is less than the threshold motor speed.
3. The electric motor system of claim 2 , wherein the temperature estimation controller, when the motor speed is equal to or greater than the threshold motor speed, is configured to
determine a stator winding resistance;
determine a stator winding power loss based on the stator winding resistance and a root mean square stator current;
determine a total power loss of the electric motor based on the stator winding power loss and a core power loss;
generate a temperature change based on the total power loss, the motor speed and a combined thermal impedance; and
estimate the stator winding temperature based on the temperature change, the coolant temperature, and the coolant flow rate.
4. The electric motor system of claim 3 , wherein the stator further includes a stator core, and
wherein the temperature estimation controller is configured to determine the combined thermal impedance based on a first thermal impedance between the stator winding and the stator core and a second thermal impedance between the stator core and the motor coolant.
5. The electric motor system of claim 3 , wherein the temperature estimation controller is configured to determine the core power loss as a function of the motor speed, a stator winding current, and a DC bus voltage.
6. The electric motor system of claim 3 , wherein the temperature estimation controller comprises a plurality of lookup tables that correlate the motor speed and the coolant flow rate with a natural damped frequency, a damping factor, and a thermal impedance.
7. The electric motor system of claim 6 , wherein the temperature estimation controller is configured to generate the temperature change based on the plurality of lookup tables.
8. A method for estimating stator winding temperatures in a motor having a stator with a plurality of windings and a rotor configured to operate at a motor speed, the motor further configured to be cooled by a coolant at a coolant flow rate, the method comprising the steps of:
comparing the motor speed to a speed threshold;
generating estimated total power losses of the electric motor;
calculating combined thermal impedances between the plurality of windings and the coolant based on the motor speed and the coolant flow rate; and
estimating, when motor speed is greater than the speed threshold, first estimated stator winding temperatures for each of the plurality of stator windings based on the combined thermal impedances and the total power losses.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein generating step includes combining stator winding power losses and core power losses to generate the total power losses.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the generating step further includes determining the stator winding power losses based on stator winding resistances and root mean square stator currents.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the step of determining the stator winding power losses comprises:
determining alternating current root mean square stator currents; and
determining the stator winding power losses based on the alternating current root mean square stator currents.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the calculating step includes generating a phase temperatures changes based on the total power losses, the motor speed and the combined thermal impedances.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the estimating step further includes estimating the stator winding temperatures based on phase temperature changes and the coolant temperature.
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein said combined thermal impedances comprise first thermal impedances between the stator windings and stator cores, and second thermal impedances between stator cores and the coolant.
15. The method of claim 8 , wherein the calculating step includes determining the combined thermal impedances with look-up tables.
16. The method of claim 8 , wherein the calculating step includes determining the combined thermal impedances with look-up tables that correlate the motor speed and coolant flow rate with a natural damped frequency, a damping factor, and a thermal impedance.
17. The method of with claim 8 , further comprising the step of:
derating a torque command in response to the first estimated stator winding temperatures.
18. A method comprising the steps of:
determining a stator winding resistance for a stator winding of a motor based on a temperature of the stator winding and a temperature coefficient of resistance of the stator winding;
determining a stator winding power loss based on the stator winding resistance;
determining a total power loss based on the stator winding power loss and a core power loss;
determining a phase temperature change based on the total power loss, a motor speed, a coolant flow rate, and a combined thermal impedance model; and
estimating a stator winding temperature based on the phase temperature change and a motor coolant temperature.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the step of determining the phase changes includes generating the phase temperature change based on the total power loss, the motor speed and the combined thermal impedance.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the estimating step further includes estimating the stator winding temperature for each of the plurality stator windings based on the phase temperature changes and the motor coolant temperature.