Transgenic mice for assessing drug metabolism and toxicity
The present invention relates to transgenic non-human animals, tissues or cells derived therefrom and methods of producing them. The transgenic non-human animals or tissues or cells derived therefrom provide a system capable of expressing human proteins responsible for drug metabolism in place of the homologous endogenous non-human animal proteins and for the controlled expression of human genes introduced into the animal so that the expression of the human genes is regulated in a manner more closely analogous to that seen in vivo in humans.
1. A transgenic mouse, or tissue, or cells derived therefrom, whose genome comprises:
(i) a homozygous disruption in a mouse pregnane X receptor (PXR) gene;
(ii) a DNA sequence encoding a human PXR knocked into the mouse PXR gene, wherein expression of the human PXR is under the control of a mouse PXR promoter;
(iii) a homozygous disruption in a mouse gene equivalent to a human drug transporter gene; and
(iv) a DNA sequence encoding a human drug transporter under the control of a) the promoter of the disrupted mouse gene equivalent to the human drug transporter gene, or b) the promoter of the human drug transporter gene.
2. The transgenic mouse, or tissues, or cells derived therefrom, according to claim 1 , wherein the human drug transporter is selected from the group comprising an ATP-binding cassette, a multi-drug resistance protein, a multi-drug resistance-associated protein, or an organic anion transporting protein.
3. The transgenic mouse, or tissues, or cells derived therefrom, according to claim 1 , wherein the human drug transporter is multi-drug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) or multi-drug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2).
4. The transgenic mouse, or tissues, or cells derived therefrom, according to claim 1 , wherein the DNA sequence encoding the human PXR comprises at least part of introns 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the human PXR gene.
5. The transgenic mouse, or tissues, or cells derived therefrom, according to claim 1 , wherein the human drug transporter is multi-drug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and is inserted into the mouse MDR1a gene such that expression of the human MDR1 is under the control of the mouse MDR1a promoter.
6. The transgenic mouse, or tissues, or cells derived therefrom, according to claim 1 , wherein the human drug transporter is human MDR1 and is inserted into the mouse MDR1b gene such that expression of the human MDR1 is under the control of the mouse MDR1b promoter.
7. The transgenic mouse, or tissues, or cells derived therefrom, according to claim 1 , wherein the human drug transporter is human MDR1 and is inserted into the mouse MDR1a and MDR1b genes such that expression of the human MDR1 is under the control of the mouse MDR1a and MDR1b promoters.
8. The transgenic mouse, or tissues, or cells derived therefrom, according to claim 1 , wherein the human drug transporter is human multi-drug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and is inserted into the mouse MRP2 gene such that expression of the human MRP2 is under the control of the mouse MRP2 promoter.
9. The transgenic mouse, or tissues, or cells derived therefrom, according to claim 1 , wherein the DNA encoding the human drug transporter is under the control of the promoter of the disrupted mouse gene equivalent to the human drug transporter gene.
10. The transgenic mouse, or tissues, or cells derived therefrom, according to claim 1 , wherein the DNA encoding the human drug transporter is under the control of the promoter of the human drug transporter gene.