Low temperature hydrocarbon gel
A composition useful for crosslinking phosphate esters in hydrocarbon gels used in formation fracturing performs especially well in cold temperatures, such as temperatures lower than (−)20° C. Methods of making the crosslinking composition and the gel are described; also methods of fracturing subterranean formations. Specific forms of ferric sulfate and ferric ammonium citrate are useful as ingredients of the crosslinking composition.
1. Method of making an iron crosslinker for use in hydrocarbon gel formation at temperatures lower than −20° C. comprising (1) forming a substantially uniform mixture of (a) ferric sulfate containing 0.8% to 1.3% by weight sulfuric acid, (b) citric acid, (c) monoisopropanolamine, and (d) ammonium hydroxide, (2) adding glycerine or sorbitol to said mixture, (3) mixing sodium cumene sulfonate into said mixture and (4) slowly dissolving ferric ammonium citrate (brown), into said mixture under conditions effective to complete an exothermic reaction in said mixture.
2. Method of claim 1 wherein said ferric ammonium citrate (brown) contains between 16.5% and 18.5% iron by weight.
3. Method of claim 1 wherein said exothermic reaction, after step (4) is an exothermic reaction of (a) 57-63.5 parts by weight ferric sulfate, (b) 11.4-12.6 parts by weight citric acid, (c) 10.07-11.13 monoisopropanolamine (d)12.06-13.33 ammonium hydroxide, and (e) 4.37-4.83 parts by weight ferric ammonium citrate (brown).
4. Method of claim 3 including adding glycerin to said mixture prior to said exothermic reaction in an amount effective to inhibit water present in said mixture from contacting said iron crosslinker.
5. Method of claim 4 including adding 7 to 14 parts by weight of glycerin to said mixture prior to said exothermic reaction.
6. Method of forming an LPG hydrocarbon gel useful in formation fracturing comprising (a) injecting into an LPG base 0.5 to 5.0 weight percent, based on said LPG base, of an alkanol phosphate ester gel former wherein said alkanol phosphate ester comprises a diester of C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and C 6 alkanols or mixtures of said diesters, and (b) mixing into said LPG 0.5 to 5.0 weight percent based on said LPG of an iron crosslinker made by the method of claim 1 .
7. Method of claim 6 including mixing into said LPG 0.4 to 1.0 weight percent based on said LPG of a a gel breaker.
8. Method of claim 6 wherein said alkanol phosphate gel former comprises C 3 and C 4 alkanol phosphate diesters.
9. Method of claim 6 wherein said alkanol phosphate gel former comprises C 4 and C 5 alkanol phosphate diesters.
10. Method of claim 6 wherein said LPG base is compressed propane.
11. Composition useful for forming gels in liquified propane comprising the reaction product of, by weight, (a) 57-63.5 parts by weight ferric sulfate, (b) 4.37-4.83 parts by weight ferric ammonium citrate (brown), (c) 11.4-12.6 parts by weight citric acid, (d) 12.06-13.33 ammonium hydroxide, and (e) 10.07-11.13 monoisopropanolamine.
12. Composition of claim 11 wherein said ferric sulfate includes 0.8 to 1.5 parts by weight sulfuric acid.
13. A low temperature hydrocarbon gel composition useful in fracturing subterranean formations comprising a (a) liquefied propane, (b) a phosphate ester gel former, and (c) an iron crosslinker for the phosphate ester comprising the reaction product of, by weight, (a) 57-63.5 parts by weight ferric sulfate, (b) 4.37-4.83 parts by weight ferric ammonium citrate (brown), (c) 11.4-12.6 parts by weight citric acid, (d) 12.06-13.33 ammonium hydroxide, and (e) 10.07-11.13 monoisopropanolamine.
14. The hydrocarbon gel composition of claim 13 including a proppant in an amount sufficient to maintain fissures in a subterranean formation.
15. Method of fracturing an underground formation through a well comprising fracturing said formation by introducing into said well under pressure sufficient to fracture said underground formation a gelled fracturing composition, at a temperature lower than (−)20° C., of a composition comprising (a) LPG, (b) a phosphate gel former, and (c) an iron crosslinker for the phosphate ester comprising the reaction product of, by weight, (i) 57-63.5 parts by weight ferric sulfate, (ii) 4.37-4.83 parts by weight ferric ammonium citrate (brown), (iii) 11.4-12.6 parts by weight citric acid, (iv) 12.06-13.33 ammonium hydroxide, and (v) 10.07-11.13 monoisopropanolamine.
16. Method of claim 15 wherein said gelled fracturing composition includes (d) a proppant.
17. Method of claim 15 wherein said phosphate gel former comprises a C3-C4 alkanol phosphate diester.
18. Method of claim 15 wherein said ferric sulfate includes 0.8 to 1.5 parts by weight sulfuric acid.