Flexible thin film solid state lithium ion batteries
Exemplary flexible thin film solid state lithium ion batteries ( 10 ) and methods for making the same are disclosed. An exemplary flexible solid state thin film electrochemical device ( 10 ) may include a flexible substrate ( 12 ), first ( 14 ) and second electrodes ( 18 ), and an electrolyte ( 16 ) disposed between the first ( 14 ) and second electrodes ( 18 ). The electrolyte ( 16 ) is disposed on the flexible substrate ( 12 ). The first electrode ( 14 ) is disposed on the electrolyte ( 16 ), and the second electrode ( 18 ) having been buried between the electrolyte ( 16 ) and the substrate ( 12 ).
1. An electrochemical device comprising:
a flexible anode layer;
a flexible cathode layer comprising a spinel material;
a solid flexible electrolyte layer comprising lithium iodide; and
a flexible insulating layer positioned in direct physical contact with the flexible cathode layer, wherein:
the solid flexible electrolyte layer is positioned between the flexible anode layer and the flexible cathode layer,
the flexible anode layer and the flexible cathode layer are both in direct physical contact with the solid flexible electrolyte layer,
the flexible anode layer, the flexible cathode layer, the solid flexible electrolyte layer, and the flexible insulating layer form a flexible structure,
the flexible structure has at least one of a bend or a fold,
the flexible anode layer, the flexible cathode layer, and the solid flexible electrolyte layer each have electrical and mechanical integrity at the at least one of the bend or the fold, and
the flexible insulating layer prevents the flexible cathode layer from bending or folding onto itself at the bend or the fold.
2. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the flexible anode layer, the flexible cathode layer, and the solid flexible electrolyte layer each have a thickness between greater than zero microns and 50 microns.
3. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the solid flexible electrolyte layer is lithium ion conductive and at least one of the flexible anode layer or the flexible cathode layer is lithium ion insertive.
4. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the flexible cathode layer is lithiated and the solid flexible electrolyte layer is lithium-based.
5. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the flexible cathode layer further comprises at least one of a lithiated metal oxide, a lithium-containing metal oxide, or a metal composite.
6. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the solid flexible electrolyte layer further comprises at least one of a polymer having Li + transport capacity, a polymer having a lithium salt disposed therein, a lithium and halide composite material, or a lithium aluminum tetrahalide.
7. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the flexible anode layer comprises a lithium metal.
8. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , further comprising a current collector in direct physical contact with the flexible anode or the flexible cathode.
9. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the flexible structure is configured as a roll such that the flexible anode layer, the solid flexible electrolyte layer, and the flexible cathode layer are rolled into a form of a jelly-roll.
10. The electrochemical device of claim 5 , wherein the spinal material comprises at least one of a nickel spinel material, a manganese spinel material, or a cobalt spinel material.
11. The electrochemical device of claim 6 , wherein the lithium aluminum tetrahalide comprises LiAlF 4 .
12. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , further comprising a flexible substrate layer in direct contact with the flexible anode layer.
13. The electrochemical device of claim 12 , wherein the flexible substrate layer comprises at least one of a polymer or a thin metal foil.
14. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the flexible cathode further comprises at least one of LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiO, a lithiated metal phosphate, or LiFePO 4 .