METHODS AND DEVICES FOR DETECTING OZONE AND CARBONYL-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
Methods and devices are provided for detecting the presence of both ozone and carbonyl-containing compounds in air samples. Method and device for detecting the presence of ozone and carbonyl-containing compounds in an air sample, the method comprising: (a) contacting an air sample with an ozone-reactive adsorbent wherein if ozone is present in the air sample, the ozone reacts with the ozone-reactive adsorbent to form an aldehyde product; (b) contacting the air sample from Step (a) further with a carbonyl-reactive adsorbent wherein if a carbonyl-containing compound is present in the air sample, the carbonyl-containing compound reacts with the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent to form a first hydrazone product; (c) eluting with a solvent from the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent into the ozone-reactive adsorbent, wherein any aldehyde product of step (a) forms a second hydrazone product; and (d) analyzing eluate from Step (c) for presence of hydrazone products formed in Step (b) and Step (c).
1 . A method for detecting the presence of ozone and carbonyl-containing compounds in an air sample, the method comprising:
(a) contacting an air sample with an ozone-reactive adsorbent wherein if ozone is present in the air sample, the ozone reacts with the ozone-reactive adsorbent to form an aldehyde product;
(b) contacting the air sample from Step (a) further with a carbonyl-reactive adsorbent wherein if a carbonyl-containing compound is present in the air sample, the carbonyl-containing compound reacts with the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent to form a first hydrazone product;
(c) eluting with a solvent from the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent into the ozone-reactive adsorbent, wherein any aldehyde product of Step (a) forms a second hydrazone product; and
(d) analyzing eluate from Step (c) for presence of hydrazone products formed in Step (b) and Step (c).
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the ozone-reactive adsorbent is an inert support coated with an ozone-reactive compound.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the ozone-reactive compound is an olefin-containing compound.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the ozone-reactive compound is a 1,2-disubstituted olefin, wherein the 1,2-disubstituted olefin is substituted with electron-donating groups.
5 . The method of claim 2 wherein the ozone-reactive compound is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene, stilbene, 4,4′-dimethoxystilbene, 1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene, 4,4′-dinitrostilbene and 4,4-dinitrostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid.
6 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the inert support is selected from the group consisting of silica gel, Florisil®, alumina, styrene-divinylbenzene, glass beads and glass fiber filters.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aldehyde product formed is pyridine-4-aldehyde.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent is an inert support coated with a carbonyl-reactive compound selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone, O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine, O-benzylhydroxylamine, 2-diphenylacetyl-1,3-indandione-1-hydrazone, 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfohydrazide, N-Methyl-4-hydrazino-7-nitrobenzofurazan, pentafluorophenylhydrazine and O-(4-cyano-2-ethoxybenzyl)hydroxylamine.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the inert support is selected from the group consisting of silica gel, Florisil®, alumina, styrene-divinylbenzene, glass beads and glass fiber filters.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first hydrazone product of Step (b) is carbonyl-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone.
11 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent further includes either phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or a combination thereof.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is a polar solvent.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the solvent comprises a solution of acetonitrile and DMSO.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the solvent comprises a solution of acetonitrile containing from about 15% to about 50% DMSO.
15 . The method of claim 8 , wherein eluting with a solvent washes excess carbonyl-reactive compound into the ozone-reactive adsorbent, which carbonyl-reactive compound reacts with any aldehyde product of Step (a) to form the second hydrazone product.
16 . The method of claim 8 wherein the carbonyl-reactive compound is 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, the aldehyde product is pyridine-4-aldehyde, and the second hydrazone product is pyridine-4-aldehyde 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone.
17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein analyzing eluate from Step (c) comprises separating the hydrazone products and measuring concentration of the hydrazone products formed in Step (b) and Step (c).
18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrazone products are separated and concentration measured by HPLC and/or GC.
19 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the hydrazone products are carbonyl-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone and pyridine-4-aldehyde-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone.
20 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the presence of ozone and carbonyl-containing compounds in an air sample is detected in a device.
21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the air sample is drawn through the device from the ozone-reactive adsorbent to the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent.
22 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the air sample is actively drawn through the device at an air flow rate from about 1 ml/min for about 24 hours to about 2000 ml/min for about 1 hour.
23 . The method of claim 22 , wherein the air sample is actively drawn through the device at an air flow rate from about 50 ml/min for about 24 hours to about 1000 ml/min for about one hour.
24 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the air sample moves through the device from the ozone-reactive adsorbent to the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent.
25 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the ozone-reactive adsorbent and the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent are disposed within a housing.
26 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the ozone-reactive adsorbent is disposed within a first housing of the device and the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent is disposed within a second housing of the device.
27 . A method of detecting the presence of ozone and carbonyl-containing compounds in an air sample, the method comprising:
(a) drawing the air sample into a device;
(b) contacting the air sample to a first bed comprising 1 , 2 -bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene-coated silica particles, wherein ozone present in the air sample is trapped by reacting with the 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene to form pyridine-4-aldehyde;
(c) contacting the air sample to a second bed comprising 2 , 4 -dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated silica particles, wherein a carbonyl-containing compound present in the air sample is trapped by reacting with the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to form carbonyl-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone;
(d) eluting with a solvent from the second bed to the first bed, wherein excess 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reacts with pyridine-4-aldehyde to form pyridine-4-aldehyde-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone; and
(e) analyzing the carbonyl-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone and pyridine-4-aldehyde-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone formed in steps (c) and (d).
28 . A device for detecting the presence of ozone and carbonyl-containing compounds in an air sample, the device comprising:
a housing;
means for drawing an air sample through the housing, wherein the air sample enters the housing through a first opening and exits the housing through a second opening;
an ozone-reactive adsorbent disposed within the housing; and
a carbonyl-reactive adsorbent disposed within the housing;
wherein the ozone-reactive adsorbent and the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent are arranged within the housing such that at least a portion of the air sample drawn through the housing contacts the ozone-reactive adsorbent before the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent.
29 . The device of claim 28 , wherein the means for drawing an air sample through the housing is attached to the second opening.
30 . The device of claim 28 , further comprising means for introducing a solvent into the housing through the second opening.
31 . The device of claim 28 , further comprising means for collecting an eluate.
32 . The device of claim 31 , further comprising means for analyzing the eluate.
33 . The device of claim 28 , wherein the ozone-reactive adsorbent includes an inert support coated with an ozone-reactive compound.
34 . The device of claim 33 , wherein the ozone-reactive compound is an olefin-containing compound.
35 . The device of claim 33 , wherein the ozone-reactive compound is a 1,2-disubstituted olefin, wherein the 1,2-disubstituted olefin is substituted with electron-donating groups.
36 . The device of claim 33 , wherein the ozone-reactive compound is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene, stilbene, 4,4′-dimethoxystilbene, 1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene, 4,4′-dinitrostilbene and 4,4-dinitrostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid.
37 . The device of claim 33 , wherein the inert support is selected from the group consisting of silica gel, Florisil®, alumina, styrene-divinylbenzene, glass beads and glass fiber filters.
38 . The device of claim 28 , wherein the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent includes an inert support coated with a carbonyl-reactive compound selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone, O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine, O-benzylhydroxylamine, 2-diphenylacetyl-1,3-indandione-1-hydrazone, 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfohydrazide, N-Methyl-4-hydrazino-7-nitrobenzofurazan, pentafluorophenylhydrazine O-(4-cyano-2-ethoxybenzyl)hydroxylamine.
39 . The device of claim 38 , wherein the inert support is selected from the group consisting of silica gel, Florisil®, alumina, styrene-divinylbenzene, glass beads and glass fiber filters.
40 . The device of claim 28 , wherein the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent further includes either phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or a combination thereof.
41 . The device of claim 28 , wherein the ozone-reactive adsorbent and the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent are present in a ratio of about 1:3 respectively.
42 . A device for detecting the presence of ozone and carbonyl-containing compounds in an air sample, the device comprising means for affecting a first mode of action and means for affecting a second mode of action, wherein the first mode and second mode co-act to detect the presence of ozone and carbonyl-containing compounds in the air sample; wherein the first mode of action comprises:
(a) contacting an air sample with an ozone-reactive adsorbent wherein if ozone is present in the air sample, the ozone reacts with the ozone-reactive adsorbent to form an aldehyde product; and
(b) contacting the air sample from Step (a) further with a carbonyl-reactive adsorbent wherein if a carbonyl-containing compound is present in the air sample, the carbonyl-containing compound reacts with the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent to form a first hydrazone product;
and wherein the second mode of action comprises:
(c) eluting with a solvent from the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent into the ozone-reactive adsorbent, wherein any aldehyde product of Step (a) forms a second hydrazone product; and
(d) analyzing eluate from Step (c) for presence of hydrazone products formed in Step (b) and Step (c).
43 . A kit for detecting the presence of ozone and carbonyl-containing compounds in an air sample comprising:
(a) a cartridge;
(b) an ozone-reactive adsorbent containing an ozone-reactive compound;
(c) a carbonyl-reactive adsorbent containing a carbonyl-reactive compound; wherein the carbonyl-reactive compound differs from the ozone-reactive compound; and
(d) a solvent for eluting derivatives of the ozone and carbonyl-containing compounds from the cartridge.
44 . (canceled)
45 . The kit of claim 43 , wherein the cartridge contains the ozone-reactive adsorbent and the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent.
46 . The kit of claim 43 , comprising two or more cartridges, and wherein at least one cartridge contains the ozone-reactive adsorbent and at least another cartridge contains the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent.
47 . A device for detecting the presence of ozone and carbonyl-containing compounds in an air sample, the device comprising:
a first housing and a second housing;
means for drawing an air sample through the first and second housings;
an ozone-reactive adsorbent disposed within the first housing; and
a carbonyl-reactive adsorbent disposed within the second housing;
wherein the air sample is drawn through the first housing and then through the second housing such that at least a portion of the air sample drawn through the first and second housings contacts the ozone-reactive adsorbent before the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent.
48 . A device for detecting the presence of ozone and carbonyl-containing compounds in an air sample, the device comprising:
an ozone-reactive adsorbent containing an ozone-reactive compound;
a carbonyl-reactive adsorbent containing a carbonyl-reactive compound;
wherein the carbonyl-reactive compound differs from the ozone-reactive compound;
means for drawing an air sample through the ozone-reactive adsorbent and carbonyl-reactive adsorbent.
49 . The device of claim 48 , further comprising a cartridge, the ozone-reactive adsorbent and the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent being disposed within the cartridge.
50 . The device of claim 48 , further comprising first and second cartridges, the ozone-reactive adsorbent being disposed within the first cartridge and the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent being disposed within the second cartridge.
51 . The device of claim 50 , wherein the first cartridge is configured to be coupled to the second cartridge during operation of the device for detecting the presence of ozone and carbonyl-containing compounds in an air sample.
52 . The device of claim 48 , wherein the ozone-reactive adsorbent and the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent are oriented such that at least a portion of the air sample contacts the ozone-reactive adsorbent before the carbonyl-reactive adsorbent.