Electrophoretic particles and processes for the production thereof
In electrophoretic media, it is advantageous to use pigment particles having a polymer chemically bonded to, or cross-linked around, the pigment particles, the polymer comprising repeating units derived from a fluorinated acrylate or fluorinated methacrylate monomer. The polymer desirably has a branched chain structure with side chains extending from a main chain. Desirably, the fluorinated acrylate or fluorinated methacrylate monomer comprises from 1 to 5 mole percent of the polymer.
1. An electrophoretic medium comprising a plurality of pigment particles suspended in a fluid, the pigment particles having a polymer chemically bonded to, or cross-linked around, the pigment particles, wherein the polymer comprises repeating units derived from a fluorinated acrylate or fluorinated methacrylate monomer.
2. An electrophoretic medium according to claim 1 having two types of particles differing in at least one optical characteristic and having differing electrophoretic mobilities.
3. An electrophoretic display comprising an electrophoretic medium according to claim 1 and at least one electrode arranged to apply an electric field to the electrophoretic medium.
4. An electronic book reader, portable computer, tablet computer, cellular telephone, smart card, sign, watch, shelf label or flash drive comprising a display according to claim 3 .
5. An electrophoretic medium comprising a plurality of pigment particles suspended in a fluid, the pigment particles having a polymer chemically bonded to the pigment particles, wherein the polymer comprises repeating units derived from a fluorinated acrylate or fluorinated methacrylate monomer.
6. An electrophoretic medium according to claim 5 wherein from about 0.1 to about 5 mole percent of the monomer in the polymer comprises a fluorinated monomer.
7. An electrophoretic medium according to claim 5 wherein from about 1 to about 5 mole percent of the monomer in the polymer comprises a fluorinated monomer.
8. An electrophoretic medium according to claim 5 wherein the particles have from about 4 to about 15 percent by weight of the pigment of the polymer chemically bonded to the pigment particles.
9. An electrophoretic medium according to claim 8 wherein the particles have from about 8 to about 12 percent by weight of the pigment of the polymer chemically bonded to the pigment particles.
10. An electrophoretic medium according to claim 5 wherein the polymer comprises a main chain and a plurality of side chains extending from the main chain, each of the side chains comprising at least about four carbon atoms.
11. An electrophoretic medium according to claim 5 wherein the polymer further comprises residues derived from a non-fluorinated acrylate and/or methacrylate monomer.
12. An electrophoretic medium according to claim 5 wherein the non-fluorinated methacrylate monomer comprises lauryl methacrylate.
13. An electrophoretic medium according to claim 5 wherein the fluorinated monomer comprises 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate.
14. An electrophoretic medium according to claim 5 wherein the fluorinated monomer comprises at least one of 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl acrylate and 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctyl acrylate.
15. An electrophoretic medium according to claim 5 wherein the pigment particles and the fluid are encapsulated in a plurality of capsules or microcells.
16. An electrophoretic medium according to claim 15 wherein the capsules are held within a polymeric binder.
17. An electrophoretic medium according to claim 5 wherein the pigment particles and the fluid are present as a plurality of discrete droplets surrounded by a continuous phase comprising a polymeric material.
18. An electrophoretic medium according to claim 5 wherein the fluid is gaseous.
19. An electrophoretic medium according to claim 5 having two types of particles differing in at least one optical characteristic and having differing electrophoretic mobilities.
20. An electrophoretic medium according to claim 19 wherein the two types of particles bear charges of opposite polarity.
21. An electrophoretic display comprising an electrophoretic medium according to claim 5 and at least one electrode arranged to apply an electric field to the electrophoretic medium.
22. An electronic book reader, portable computer, tablet computer, cellular telephone, smart card, sign, watch, shelf label or flash drive comprising a display according to claim 21 .