Compositions and methods for cell killing
A solid buffer including one or more ion exchange materials, wherein said solid buffer has a volumetric buffering capacity greater than about 20 mM H + /(L.pH unit) and further wherein, when said material is in an environment capable of transporting H + ions, said solid buffer is adapted to cause the death of at least one target cell within or in contact with said environment. A selectively permeable barrier layer may be provided covering the solid buffer.
1. A solid buffer comprising one or more solid ion exchange materials having one or more functional groups selected to dissociate H+ions, wherein said solid buffer having volumetric buffering capacity greater than about 20 mM H+/(L.pH unit) in an environment capable of transporting H+ions, said solid buffer comprises a sulfonated polystyrene polymer or a sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and is adapted to cause the death of at least one target cell within or in contact with said environment.
2. The solid buffer of claim 1 wherein said target cell is a bacterial cell, a fungal cell or a yeast cell.
3. The solid buffer of claim 2 wherein said target cell is a bacterial cell.
4. The solid buffer of claim 1 wherein said solid buffer is adapted to kill said target cell without inserting any of its structure into the membrane of said target cell.
5. The solid buffer of claim 1 wherein the volumetric buffering capacity is at least about 50 mM H + /(L·pH unit).
6. The solid buffer of claim 1 wherein the volumetric buffering capacity is at least about 100 mM H + /(L·pH unit).
7. The solid buffer of claim 1 wherein the H+ concentration is greater than about 3.2 =10 -5 M or less than about 10 -8 M.
8. The solid buffer of claim 1 wherein the solid buffer comprises a pH gradient along at least a portion thereof.
9. The solid buffer of claim 1 wherein the solid buffer comprises a plurality of regions of differing pH.
10. The solid buffer of claim 1 wherein the ion exchange material is a polymer.
11. The solid buffer of claim 1 wherein the solid buffer comprises one or more of an ion exchange bead, a polymer-coated ion exchange bead, and an ion exchange material incorporated in a matrix.
12. The solid buffer of claim 1 wherein the solid buffer comprises at least a portion of a coating or a component of a medical device, a wound dressing, sutures, cloth, fabric and a wound ointment.
13. The solid buffer of claim 1 wherein the solid buffer is in the form of a shaped article, a coating, a spray, a film, a laminate on a film, a film in a laminate, sheets, beads, beads incorporated in fabric, particles, microparticles, microcapsules, microemulsions or nanoparticles.
14. The solid buffer of claim 1 covered by a barrier layer, said barrier layer is selectively permeable to water.
15. The solid buffer of claim 1 covered by a barrier layer, said barrier layer is permeable to a preselected target cell but not to preselected non-target cells.
16. The solid buffer of claim 1 wherein the sulfonated polystyrene polymer is sulfonated polystyrene divinylbenzene.