Wellbore laser operations
Methods, systems, and devices related to downhole wellbore operations, such as drilling and completing wells in an earth formation, include a laser device. A first portion of a subterranean formation can be characterized, the first portion being at a first location. A first orientation of an aperture can be selected based on the characteristics of the first portion of the subterranean formation. A laser beam can be used to create the aperture having the first orientation. A second portion of the subterranean formation can be characterized, the second portion being at a second location different from the first location. A second orientation, different from the first orientation, can be selected based on the characteristics of the second portion of the subterranean formation. The laser beam can be moved to the second location and can be used to form the aperture having the second orientation.
1. A method comprising:
characterizing a subterranean formation;
selecting a first orientation of an aperture geometry and a second, different orientation of an aperture geometry based on characteristics of the subterranean formation;
using a laser beam to form a first aperture having the aperture geometry of the selected first orientation in the wall of a wellbore;
using the laser beam to form a second aperture having the aperture geometry of the selected second, different orientation in the wall of the wellbore; and
in response to levels of particles in a fluid being produced from the wellbore, operating the laser beam to change a flow distribution of the wellbore, wherein operating the laser beam to change the flow distribution in the wellbore comprises sealing one or both of the first or second apertures in the wellbore using the laser beam.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein selecting the first orientation comprises selecting an orientation aligned to provide greater exposure of the first aperture to an axis of preferred permeability.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein selecting the first orientation comprises selecting an orientation aligned relative to direction of principal stress in the formation.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein selecting the first orientation comprises selecting an orientation to facilitate formation of a fracture that connects with a pre-existing natural fracture.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein using the laser to form an aperture comprises forming an aperture connecting to a pre-existing natural fracture identified while characterizing the formation.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein using the laser to form a first aperture comprises forming the first aperture at a location selected for fracture initiation.
7. The method of claim 1 , comprising sealing the first aperture extending through the casing and forming the second aperture extending through the casing of the wellbore, the second aperture having a different geometry than the first aperture.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein a width of the second aperture is smaller than a width of the first aperture.
9. The method of claim 1 , comprising sealing the first aperture extending through the casing and forming the second aperture extending through the casing of the wellbore, the second aperture having a different location within the wellbore than the first aperture.
10. A method comprising:
characterizing a subterranean formation;
selecting a first shape of an aperture and a second, different shape of an aperture based on characteristics of the subterranean formation;
using a laser beam to form a first aperture of the selected first shape in the wall of the wellbore; and
using the laser beam to form a second aperture of the selected second, different shape in the wall of the wellbore; and
in response to levels of particles in a fluid being produced from the wellbore, operating the laser beam to change a flow distribution of the wellbore, wherein operating the laser beam to change the flow distribution in the wellbore comprises sealing one or both of the first or second apertures in the wellbore using the laser beam.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the shapes of the apertures have a maximum dimension that is aligned with a principal stress field of the formation.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein selecting the first aperture shape comprises selecting an aperture shape with a longer axis aligned to expose more of the producing formation than a circular cross-section hole of a similar perimeter.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein forming the first aperture comprises forming an aperture that extends along the length of the wellbore and is orthogonal to a formation bedding plane.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein forming the first aperture comprises forming an aperture with a first dimension that increases with increasing distance from an axis of the wellbore.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein using the laser beam to form an aperture comprises forming an aperture with negative skin.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the wall of the wellbore comprises a casing and wherein using a laser to form an aperture in a wall of the wellbore comprises forming an aperture in the casing.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein using a laser beam to form the first aperture in a wall of the wellbore comprises forming an aperture extending through the casing into the subterranean formation.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein the wall of the wellbore is an open hole and using a laser to form an aperture in the wall of the wellbore comprises forming an aperture in side surfaces of the open hole.
19. The method of claim 10 , wherein
characterizing a subterranean formation comprises characterizing a distribution of sizes of particles in the subterranean formation; and
selecting a first aperture shape based on characteristics of the subterranean formation comprises selecting a slot size to filter particles from fluid in the formation, the slot size selected based on the distribution of sizes of particles in the subterranean formation.
20. A method comprising:
selecting a first orientation of an aperture geometry and a second, different orientation of an aperture geometry based on characteristics of a subterranean formation;
using a laser to form a first aperture having the aperture geometry of the selected first orientation in the wall of the wellbore; and
using the laser to form a second aperture having the aperture geometry of the selected second, different orientation in the wall of the wellbore; and
in response to levels of particles in a fluid being produced from the wellbore, operating the laser to change a flow distribution of the wellbore, wherein operating the laser to change the flow distribution in the wellbore comprises sealing one or both of the first or second apertures in the wellbore using the laser.
21. The method of claim 20 , comprising:
selecting a first aperture shape and a second, different aperture shape based on characteristics of the subterranean formation;
using the laser to form the first aperture of the selected first aperture shape in the wall of the wellbore;
using the laser to form the second aperture of the selected second, different shape in the wall of the wellbore.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein
selecting an aperture shape based on characteristics of the subterranean formation comprises selecting a slot size to filter particles from fluid in the formation, the slot size selected based on the distribution of sizes of particles in the subterranean formation.
23. The method of claim 20 , wherein using the laser to form the first aperture comprises forming an aperture with negative skin.
24. The method of claim 20 , wherein operating the laser to change the flow distribution of the wellbore comprises forming the first and second apertures in the wellbore using the laser.