Method and apparatus for producing power and hydrogen
Both power and H 2 are produced from a gaseous mixture, comprising H 2 and CO 2 , using first and second pressure swing adsorption (PSA) systems in series. The gaseous mixture is fed at super-atmospheric pressure to the first PSA system, which comprises adsorbent that selectively adsorbs CO 2 at said pressure, and CO 2 is adsorbed, thereby providing an H 2 -enriched mixture at super-atmospheric pressure. A fuel stream is formed from a portion of the H 2 -enriched mixture, which is combusted and the combustion effluent expanded to generate power. Another portion of the H 2 -enriched mixture is sent to the second PSA system, which comprises adsorbent that selectively adsorbs CO 2 at super-atmospheric pressure, and CO 2 is adsorbed, thereby providing a high purity H 2 product. In preferred embodiments, the division of H 2 -enriched mixture between forming the fuel stream and being fed to the second PSA system is adjustable.
1. A method for concurrently producing power and H 2 from a gaseous mixture comprising H 2 and CO 2 , the method comprising:
feeding the gaseous mixture at super-atmospheric pressure to a first pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system comprising adsorbent that selectively adsorbs CO 2 at said pressure, and selectively adsorbing CO 2 from the gaseous mixture with said adsorbent and at said pressure, thereby obtaining an H 2 -enriched mixture at super-atmospheric pressure;
forming a fuel stream from a portion of the H 2 -enriched mixture, combusting said fuel stream and expanding the resulting combustion effluent to generate power;
feeding another portion of the H 2 -enriched mixture at super-atmospheric pressure to a second PSA system comprising adsorbent that selectively adsorbs CO 2 at said pressure, and selectively adsorbing CO 2 from said portion of the H 2 -enriched mixture with said adsorbent and at said pressure, thereby obtaining an H 2 product;
desorbing CO 2 from the first PSA system, at a pressure lower than said pressure at which CO 2 was selectively adsorbed from the gaseous mixture to form a CO 2 -enriched mixture; and
desorbing CO 2 from the second PSA system, at a pressure lower than said pressure at which CO 2 was selectively adsorbed from the H 2 -enriched mixture, to form an H 2 and CO 2 -containing mixture;
wherein all or a portion of the H 2 and CO 2 -containing mixture is used as a purge gas for the first PSA system and/or is compressed and recycled to the first PSA system for further separation.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the division of H 2 -enriched mixture between forming the fuel stream and being fed to the second PSA system is adjustable, thereby allowing the proportion of the H 2 -enriched mixture used to form the fuel stream to be increased by reducing the proportion fed to the second PSA system, and vice-versa, without halting the feed of the gaseous mixture to the first PSA system.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous mixture further comprises H 2 S, and the first PSA system comprises adsorbent that selectively adsorbs CO 2 and H 2 S at the super-atmospheric pressure at which the gaseous mixture is fed to the first PSA system, CO 2 and H 2 S being selectively adsorbed from the gaseous mixture with said adsorbent and at said pressure to thereby obtain the H 2 -enriched mixture.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous mixture comprises: about 30 to 75% mole % H 2 , about 10 to 60% mole % CO 2 ; and about 0 to 2 mole % H 2 S.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous mixture is fed to the first PSA system at a pressure in the range of about 2-7 MPa (20-70 bar) absolute.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CO 2 recovery in the H 2 -enriched mixture is at most about 30%, and the H 2 recovery in the H 2 -enriched mixture is at least about 70%.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the H 2 -enriched mixture comprises greater than about 90 mole % H 2 .
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the H 2 -enriched mixture is obtained at a pressure which is the same or substantially the same as the super-atmospheric pressure at which the gaseous mixture is fed to the first PSA system.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the H 2 -enriched mixture fed to the second PSA system is cooled prior to being introduced into the second PSA system.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel stream is combusted and combustion effluent expanded in a gas turbine.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the H 2 -enriched mixture is combined with N 2 and/or steam to form the fuel stream.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the H 2 product comprises at least about 99.9 mole % H 2 .
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CO 2 -enriched mixture contains one or more combustible components, and at least a portion of said mixture is combusted in the presence of O 2 to produce a CO 2 product comprising combustion products of said combustible components.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein a portion of the H 2 and CO 2 -containing mixture is combusted in the presence of O 2 to produce a CO 2 product comprising combustion products of H 2 and any other combustible components present in said mixture.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the heat from combustion of said CO 2 -enriched and H 2 and CO 2 -containing mixtures is used to raise the temperature of the fuel stream formed from the H 2 -enriched mixture, and/or to generate steam that is fed to a steam turbine to generate further power.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the H 2 and CO 2 -containing mixture is compressed and recycled to the second PSA system for further separation.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the H 2 and CO 2 -containing mixture is combusted, the resulting combustion effluent combined with the expanded combustion effluent obtained from the fuel stream formed from the H 2 -enriched mixture, and the combined gases used to generate steam in a heat recovery steam generator.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the H 2 and CO 2 -containing mixture is compressed and added to the portion of the H 2 -enriched mixture used to form the fuel stream.
19. Apparatus for producing power and H 2 from a gaseous mixture comprising H 2 and CO 2 , the apparatus comprising:
a first pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system, comprising adsorbent that selectively adsorbs CO 2 at super-atmospheric pressure;
a conduit arrangement for feeding at super-atmospheric pressure the gaseous mixture into the first PSA system;
a gas turbine for combusting a fuel stream and expanding the resulting combustion effluent to generate power;
a second PSA system, comprising adsorbent that selectively adsorbs CO 2 at super-atmospheric pressure;
a conduit arrangement for withdrawing at super-atmospheric pressure an H 2 -enriched mixture from the first PSA system, introducing a fuel stream into the gas turbine formed from a portion of said H 2 -enriched mixture, and introducing another portion of said H 2 -enriched mixture into the second PSA system;
a conduit arrangement for withdrawing an H 2 product from the second PSA system;
a conduit arrangement for withdrawing a CO 2 -enriched mixture from the first PSA system at a pressure lower than said pressure at which CO 2 was selectively adsorbed from the gaseous mixture;
a conduit arrangement for withdrawing an H 2 and CO 2 -containing mixture from the second PSA system at a pressure lower than said pressure at which CO 2 was selectively adsorbed from the H 2 -enriched mixture; and
a conduit arrangement (a) for introducing all or a portion of the H 2 and CO 2 -containing mixture into the first PSA system as a purge gas for the first PSA system and/or (b) for introducing all or a portion of the H 2 and CO 2 -containing mixture into a compressor and for recycling said compressed H 2 and CO 2 -containing mixture to the first PSA system for further separation.
20. An apparatus according to claim 19 , wherein said conduit arrangement for withdrawing from the first PSA system the H 2 -enriched mixture, introducing into the gas turbine a fuel stream formed from a portion thereof, and introducing another portion thereof into the second PSA system, includes a valve system for adjustably controlling the division of the H 2 enriched stream between the gas turbine and second PSA system.
21. An apparatus according to claim 20 , wherein said valve system is adjustable between a setting whereby all the H 2 enriched mixture is sent to the gas turbine and a setting whereby all the H 2 enriched mixture is sent to the second PSA system.