Systems and methods for high efficiency regenerative selective catalytic reduction
The invention provides a system for regenerative selective catalytic reduction including a catalyst chamber that contains a catalyst for reducing NO X in a gas stream passing therethrough. The system also includes a reactant injector, first and second heat exchangers, and a valve manifold adapted to direct a substantially continuous gas stream through the heat exchangers and catalyst chamber in such a manner as to flow through the catalyst chamber in the same flow direction during each cycle of the system. The invention also provides a process of regenerative selective catalytic reduction wherein the gas stream through the catalyst chamber flows in the same flow direction during each cycle of the process.
1. A system for regenerative selective catalytic reduction, comprising:
a) a catalyst chamber having an inlet, an outlet and defining a flow path between the inlet and the outlet, the catalyst chamber containing a catalyst for reducing NO x in a gas stream passing therethrough;
b) a reactant injector in fluid communication with the system for introducing a reactant into the gas stream upstream from the catalyst chamber as the gas stream passes through the system;
c) a valve manifold in fluid communication with the inlet and the outlet of the catalyst chamber, wherein the valve manifold is adapted to direct a substantially continuous gas stream through the catalyst chamber from the inlet to the outlet during each cycle of system operation along the same flow direction;
d) a first heat exchanger in fluid communication with the valve manifold, wherein the first heat exchanger includes a heater and a vessel including a thermal mass adapted to permit a gas stream to pass therethrough, the first heat exchanger adapted to exchange energy with a gas stream passing therethrough; and
e) a second heat exchanger in fluid communication with the valve manifold, wherein the second heat exchanger includes a heater and a vessel including a thermal mass adapted to permit a gas stream to pass therethrough, the second heat exchanger adapted to exchange energy with a gas stream passing therethrough;
f) wherein the valve manifold is further adapted to:
i) heat a gas stream passing through the system by directing the gas stream through the first heat exchanger, and cool the gas stream by passing the gas stream through the second heat exchanger, during a first system cycle; and
ii) heat a gas stream passing through the system by directing the gas stream through the second heat exchanger, and cool the gas stream by passing the gas stream through the first heat exchanger, during a second system cycle.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein each system cycle is from about one minute to four minutes in duration.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reactant injector is adapted to inject reactant into a gas stream passing through the system proximate the inlet of the catalyst chamber.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the heaters includes at least one of a gas burner, a liquid fuel burner, and a steam heater.
5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising third and fourth heat exchangers in fluid communication with the valve manifold, the third and fourth heat exchangers adapted to exchange energy with a gas stream passing therethrough.
6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a second catalyst chamber in fluid communication with the valve manifold, the second catalyst chamber having an inlet, an outlet, and defining a flow path between the inlet and the outlet, the second catalyst chamber containing a catalyst for reducing NO x in a gas stream passing therethrough.
7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a control system to control the valve manifold to adjust the flow path of a gas stream passing through the system during a plurality of cycles of system operation.
8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the control system includes a processor and a machine readable program on a computer readable medium containing instructions for controlling the valve manifold.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein treated gas exiting the system includes reactant in an amount less than about ten parts per million.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein treated gas exiting the system includes reactant in an amount less than about eight parts per million.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein treated gas exiting the system includes reactant in an amount less than about six parts per million.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein treated gas exiting the system includes reactant in an amount less than about four parts per million.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein treated gas exiting the system includes reactant in an amount of about two parts per million.