Nucleation Ring for a Central Insert

A central insert causes maximum fluid velocity to shift away from an external tube wall reducing friction losses at the tube wall. Centrifugal forces pull fluid away from a central insert wall minimizing friction at the insert wall. The insert may be used in the context of nozzles, flow tubes, vortex tubes, and other fluid pathways. In a nozzle, grooves may be added to the nozzle wall. By introducing these grooves at the exit or end of a nozzle, nucleation may be improved and cavitation may be triggered prior to a fluid entering an expansion tube. The nucleation ring may also be placed at the beginning of a nozzle such that cavitation starts within the nozzle.