Polymer-based electrocaloric cooling devices
Cooling devices (i.e., refrigerators or heat pumps) based on polymers which exhibit a temperature change upon application or removal of an electrical field or voltage, (e.g., fluoropolymers or crosslinked fluoropolymers that exhibit electrocaloric effect).
1. A cooling device comprising: (i) a polymer which exhibits a temperature change upon application or removal of an electrical field or voltage, wherein the polymer is thermally connected to a cooling load of the cooling device and (ii) a source of voltage that can be applied to the polymer to change the temperature of the polymer, wherein the polymer is a terpolymer represented by the formula P(VDF-TrFE-Rx), wherein R is a co-monomer selected from the group consisting of chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and mixtures thereof, and wherein x is in a range from 1 mol % to 15 mol %.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the polymer exhibits an isothermal entropy change in a range from from 25 J/(kgK) to 150 J/(kgK) and an adiabatic temperature change in a range from from 8° C. to 30° C. when an external electric field or voltage is applied or removed from the polymer.
3. A cooling device comprising: (i) a polymer which exhibits a temperature change upon application or removal of an electric field or voltage, wherein the polymer is thermally connected to a cooling load of the cooling device and (ii) a source of voltage that can be applied to the polymer to change the temperature, of the polymer, wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of P(VDF-TrFE-CFE), P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE), P(VDF-TrFE-HFP), P(VDF-TrFE-TFE), P(VDF-TrFE-VDC), P(VDF-TrFE-VF), P(VDF-TFE-CFE), P(VDF-TFE-CTFE), P(VDF-TFE-HFP), P(VDF-TFE-VDC), P(VDF-TFE-VF), and mixtures thereof.
4. A cooling device comprising: (i) a polymer which exhibits a temperature change upon application or removal of an electric field or voltage, wherein the polymer is thermally connected to a cooling load of the cooling device and (ii) a source of voltage that can be applied to the polymer to change the temperature of the polymer, wherein the polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene having a ratio of monomers represented as P(VDF x -TrFE y -CFE 1-x-y ), wherein x has a value of 0.50 to about 0.85, and y has a value of 0.15 to about 0.5.
5. A solid state cooling device comprising: (i) a polymer which exhibits a temperature change upon application or removal of an electrical field or voltage which is thermally connected to a cooling load of the device, (ii) a source of voltage that can be applied to the polymer to change the temperature of the polymer to cool or heat the cooling load of the device, and (iii) a source of an electric field to displace the polymer from the cooling load, wherein the polymer is a terpolymer represented by the fotmula P(VDF-TrFE-Rx), wherein R is a co-monomer selected from the group consisting of chlorofluoroethvlene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and mixtures thereof, and wherein x is in a range from 1 mol % to 15 mol %.
6. The solid state cooling device of claim 5 , wherein a plate which maintains a thermal gradient and acts as the cooling load is in thermal contact with the polymer and displacement of the polymer from the plate coupled with the temperature change of the polymer by application and removal of the electrical field or voltage produces heat transfer between the polymer and plate, and consequently heat transfer from a cold temperature to a hot temperature, thus creating refrigeration.