Method for analyzing collagenous tissues for the detection and diagnosis of bone disease
Methods and systems for diagnosing a bone disease related to collagen pathology in a subject are provided. These include providing a bone sample from the subject and determining a quantitative collagen morphology value of the bone sample. A reference value is provided from a non-affected control subject where the reference value is a quantitative collagen morphology value from the same type of bone sample obtained from a population of non-affected control subjects. The quantitative collagen morphology value of the subject's bone sample is compared to the reference value. If the collagen morphology value is altered versus the reference value, the subject is diagnosed as having a collagen related bone disease. The collagen morphology value can include mean fibril spacings and distributions of the fibril spacings taken from a subject's bone sample.
1. A method for identifying a subject as a disease candidate, the disease affecting tissue comprising collagen, the method comprising:
providing a tissue sample from the subject, wherein the tissue comprises collagen;
determining a collagen fibril morphology value of the tissue sample;
providing a reference value, wherein the reference value comprises a reference collagen fibril morphology value determined using a tissue sample from a control subject, wherein the tissue sample from the control subject is the same type of tissue as the tissue sample from the subject;
comparing the collagen fibril morphology value of the tissue sample to the reference value; and
identifying the subject as a disease candidate when the collagen fibril morphology value is different from the reference value,
wherein determining the collagen fibril morphology value of the tissue sample comprises
imaging the tissue; and
measuring D-periodic gap/overlap spacing of a plurality of collagen fibrils to provide the collagen fibril morphology value;
wherein measuring D-periodic gap/overlap spacing of a plurality of collagen fibrils to provide the collagen fibril morphology value comprises performing a two-dimensional Fast Fourier Transform for each fibril and analyzing the primary peak from a resulting two-dimensional power spectrum to determine the D-periodic gap/overlap spacing value.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tissue sample comprises dentin, bone, tendon, or skin.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tissue comprises type I collagen.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing a tissue sample from the subject comprises taking a biopsy of the tissue from the subject.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tissue sample is demineralized using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
6. The method of claim 1 , comprising
imaging the tissue using atomic force microscopy.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reference value comprises a D-periodic gap/overlap spacing of a plurality of collagen fibrils from the control subject.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the collagen fibril morphology value is at least one of an overall mean and a distribution of the D-periodic gap/overlap spacing of the plurality of collagen fibrils.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein imaging the tissue using atomic force microscopy is performed in tapping mode.
10. The method of claim 1 , comprising:
imaging the tissue using scanning electron microscopy.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject and the control subject are not the same sex.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reference value comprises a reference collagen fibril morphology value determined using a plurality of tissue samples from a plurality of control subjects.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the plurality of control subjects includes a male control subject and a female control subject.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tissue sample comprises bone tissue and the disease comprises osteoporosis.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein:
determining a collagen fibril morphology value of the tissue sample comprises:
imaging the tissue using atomic force microscopy; and
measuring D-periodic gap/overlap spacing of a plurality of collagen fibrils to provide the collagen fibril morphology value, and the reference value comprises a D-periodic gap/overlap spacing of a plurality of collagen fibrils from the control subject; and
identifying the subject as a disease candidate when the collagen fibril morphology value is different from the reference value comprises:
identifying the subject as an osteoporosis candidate when an overall mean or a distribution of the D-periodic gap/overlap spacing of the plurality of collagen fibrils for the subject is different than the reference value from the control subject.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tissue sample comprises bone tissue and the disease comprises osteogenesis imperfecta.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein:
determining a collagen fibril morphology value of the tissue sample comprises:
imaging the tissue using atomic force microscopy; and
measuring D-periodic gap/overlap spacing of a plurality of collagen fibrils to provide the collagen fibril morphology value, and the reference value comprises a D-periodic gap/overlap spacing of a plurality of collagen fibrils from the control subject; and
identifying the subject as a disease candidate when the collagen fibril morphology value is different from the reference value comprises:
identifying the subject as an osteogenesis imperfecta candidate when the D-periodic gap/overlap spacing shows a greater variability along the length of the bone than the reference value from the control subject; or
identifying the subject as an osteogenesis imperfecta candidate when the D-periodic gap/overlap spacing shows a difference in the population distribution of collagen fibrils compared to the reference value from control subject.
18. A method of diagnosing an individual as having or not having a disease or condition affecting collagen by determining a morphology value for collagen in the individual and comparing the morphology value to that of a control subject, the method comprising determining the morphology value with a method comprising:
providing a tissue sample from the subject, wherein the tissue comprises collagen; and
determining a collagen fibril morphology value of the tissue sample;
wherein determining the collagen fibril morphology value of the tissue sample comprises
imaging the tissue; and
measuring D-periodic gap/overlap spacing of a plurality of collagen fibrils to provide the collagen fibril morphology value;
wherein measuring D-periodic gap/overlap spacing of a plurality of collagen fibrils to provide the collagen fibril morphology value comprises performing a two-dimensional Fast Fourier Transform for each fibril and analyzing the primary peak from a resulting two-dimensional power spectrum to determine the D-periodic gap/overlap spacing value.