Staged Z-pinch for the production of high-flux neutrons and net energy
A fusible target is embedded in a high Z liner, ohmically heated and then shock wave heated by implosion of an enveloping high Z liner. The target is adiabatically heated by compression, fusibly ignited and charged-particle heated as it is being ignited. A shock front forms as the liner implodes which shock front detaches from the more slowly moving liner, collides with the outer surface of the target, accelerates inward, rapidly heating the target, adiabatically compressing the target and liner and amplifying the current to converge the liner mass toward a central axis thereby compressing the target to a fusion condition when it begins to ignite and produce charged particles. The charged particles are trapped in a large magnetic field surrounding the target. The energy of the charged particles is deposited into the target to further heat the target to produce an energy gain.
1. A method for using staged Z-pinch plasma compression to produce net energy gain comprising:
providing a fusible target embedded in a high Z liner;
ohmically heating the fusible target embedded in a high Z liner;
shock heating the embedded fusible target;
adiabatically heating the embedded fusible target by compression;
igniting the embedded fusible target; and
charged-particle heating the embedded fusible target as the embedded fusible target is being ignited by trapping a large magnetic field between the high Z liner and a shock front created by the imploding fusible target.
2. The method claim 1 where the fusible target embedded in a high Z liner forms a plasma and where ohmically heating, shock heating, adiabatically heating and charged-particle heating the fusible target are each performed with a progressively smaller time duration and correspondingly higher ion heating power and where the method further comprises:
causing the high Z liner to implode onto the fusible target to provide a stable compression of the liner; and
forming of a shock front that compresses and heats the target plasma while preserving the stability of the plasma.
3. The method of claim 1 where providing a fusible target embedded in a high Z liner comprises forming a central plasma of the fusible target and embedding the fusible target in a selected co-axial high Z liner and further comprising maintaining an implosion cycle duration less than that which is capable of causing disruption due to instability of the central plasma.
4. The method of claim 1 where shock heating the fusible target comprises forming a shock front and preventing instabilities in a plasma created in the fusible target.
5. The method of claim 1 comprising repeating the steps of ohmically heating, shock heating, adiabatically heating and charged-particle heating the fusible target at a high repetition-rate using a pulsed-power driver while controlling plasma instabilities.
6. The method of claim 1 where providing a fusible target embedded in a high Z liner comprises providing a plasma configuration characterized as an outer enveloping liner of radon, xenon, or krypton outer liner, and an inner enveloped hydrogen isotope target.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising providing a pulsed power source to provide a fast rise time current pulse to cause the high Z liner to implode onto the fusible target to provide a stable compression of the liner and formation of a shock front that compresses and heats the target plasma rapidly to a temperature >5 keV and a particle density >10 23 cm −3 .
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising producing fusion in a predominantly neutron-free (aneutronic) reaction using aneutronic fusion fuel including deuterium and helium-3, or hydrogen and boron-11.
9. The method of claim 1 where shock heating, adiabatically heating, igniting charged-particle heating the embedded fusible target comprises forming a shock front at the interface between the liner and the target plasma as the liner implodes which shock front detaches from the slower-moving liner and forms an independent current channel, colliding the shock wave with the outer surface of the target, accelerating the shock wave inward, rapidly heating the target, adiabatically compressing the target and liner and amplifying current in the target and liner to converge the liner mass toward a central axis of the fusible target to compress the target to a fusion condition to begin to ignite fusion reactions, producing charged particles, trapping the charged particles in a large magnetic field surrounding the target and depositing the energy of the charged particles into the target to further heat the target to produce an energy gain.
10. The method of claim 1 further comprising producing fusion energy in the form of a high flux of pulsed neutrons, with an energy equivalent yield greater than the energy required to assemble the reaction.
11. The method of claim 1 further comprising selecting a liner initial radius, liner thickness, liner linear mass distribution and the target initial radius, target thickness, target linear mass distribution to result in staged target ignition.
12. The method of claim 1 further comprising selecting a precise set of initial-implosion parameters to produce net-fusion energy, wherein the initial-implosion parameters comprise a radius of the high Z liner, a thickness of the high Z liner, and density of the fusible target.