Light-weight analyzer for odor recognition
The invention provides a light weight analyzer, e.g., detector, capable of locating clandestine graves. The detector utilizes the very specific and unique chemicals identified in the database of human decompositional odor. This detector, based on specific chemical compounds found relevant to human decomposition, is the next step forward in clandestine grave detection and will take the guess-work out of current methods using canines and ground-penetrating radar, which have historically been unreliable. The detector is self contained, portable and built for field use. Both visual and auditory cues are provided to the operator.
1. An odor recognition apparatus comprising:
an air intake conduit;
an array of chemical sensors positioned in the air intake conduit to contact air in the air intake conduit;
a chemical detection circuit associated with and in electrical communication with each of the chemical sensors, each of the chemical sensors receiving an input signal from its associated chemical detection circuit, each chemical detection circuit generating an output signal derived from its associated input signal and a chemical detection signal generated by its associated chemical sensor, and
an electronic mixer for modulating the output signals generated by the chemical detection circuits,
wherein a first output signal from a first of the chemical detection circuits associated with one of the chemical sensors before application to an audio device has a different audio frequency than a second output signal from a second of the chemical detection circuits associated with another of the chemical sensors before application to an audio device.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the apparatus includes a display in electrical communication with each chemical detection circuit, and
a representation of each output signal is individually displayed on the display.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
each input signal has a unique audible frequency, and
each chemical detection circuit generates an output signal having a frequency the same as its associated input signal.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein:
the output signal of each chemical detection circuit has a frequency corresponding to a musical note.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein:
the output signal of each chemical detection circuit has a loudness proportional to the chemical detection signal generated by its associated chemical sensor.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
each input signal is a sine wave containing only a single frequency component with no harmonic components.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
means for adjusting an amplitude of each input signal.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
each input signal can be offset with either a positive voltage or a negative voltage with respect to signal ground.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the output signal of each chemical detection circuit has an amplitude proportional to the chemical detection signal generated by its associated chemical sensor.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
means for drawing an air stream through the air intake conduit,
wherein the array of chemical sensors is positioned in the air intake conduit to contact the air stream drawn through the air intake conduit.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein:
the means for drawing an air stream through the air intake conduit includes means for varying a flow rate of the air stream.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the chemical sensors are selected from heated metal oxide sensors, capacitive sensors, light emitting diode/photo diode sensors, catalytic bead sensors, solid-state sensors, resistive sensors, thermocouples, thermal resistors, and platinum resistors.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the output signal of each chemical detection circuit is electronically mixed to produce a composite signal.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 further comprising:
a data storage device,
wherein the composite signal is digitized and stored in the data storage device in a file structure that can be converted to a format that is compatible with a Fast Fourier Transform software program.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein:
the Fast Fourier Transform software program recovers the output signal of each chemical detection circuit by performing a Fast Fourier Transform on the composite signal.
16. The apparatus of claim 13 further comprising:
a data storage device,
wherein the composite signal is digitized and stored in the data storage device in a file structure that can be converted to a format that is compatible with an audio processing software program that can recover the output signal of each chemical detection circuit.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
an audio speaker,
wherein the output signal of each chemical detection circuit has a frequency corresponding to a musical note, and
wherein the output signal of each chemical detection circuit comprises an audio signal that drives the audio speaker.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
each chemical detection circuit includes means for manually nulling the chemical detection signal of each of the sensors in an atmosphere that contains levels of chemical vapors.
19. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
each chemical detection circuit includes at least one of a temperature compensation circuit or a humidity compensation circuit.
20. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
at least one of a metal detector, a video camera and video recording device, an infrared video camera and recorder, a thermal imaging camera and recorder, an audio probe, a soil resistance probe, means for detecting fluorescence from bones, fragments of bones, or teeth, or a LASER Induced Breakdown spectrometry probe.
21. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the chemical sensors include at least one heated metal oxide sensor, and at least one of the following: an electrochemical sensor, a capacitive sensor, a catalytic bead sensor, an infrared chemical sensor, a visible-light chemical sensor, a solid-state chemical sensor, a surface acoustic wave chemical sensor, a coated piezo-electric sensor, an ionization-type chemical sensor, a colorimetric chemical sensor, and a spectroscopic chemical sensor.
22. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
a source of clean air for nulling the chemical detection signal of each of the sensors in an atmosphere that contains levels of chemical vapors.
23. A method for detecting a burial site of human remains, the method comprising:
providing the apparatus of claim 1 ;
displaying a representation of each output signal on a display; and
monitoring the representation of each output signal on the display to determine that an odor is present in the air in the air intake conduit, the odor indicating a burial site of human remains.
24. A method for detecting a burial site of human remains, the method comprising:
providing the apparatus of claim 1 ;
driving an audio speaker with an audio signal comprising the output signal of each chemical detection circuit; and
monitoring sound from the audio speaker to determine that an odor is present in the air in the air intake conduit, the odor indicating a burial site of human remains.
25. A method for detecting a burial site of human remains, the method comprising:
providing the apparatus of claim 1 ;
electronically mixing the output signal of each chemical detection circuit to produce a composite signal;
digitizing and storing the composite signal in a data storage device in a file structure that can be converted to a format that is compatible with a Fast Fourier Transform software program;
recovering the output signal of each chemical detection circuit by performing a Fast Fourier Transform on the composite signal using the Fast Fourier Transform software program; and
reviewing each recovered output signal to determine that an odor is present in the air in the air intake conduit, the odor indicating a burial site of human remains.
26. A method for detecting a burial site of human remains, the method comprising:
providing the apparatus of claim 1 ;
electronically mixing the output signal of each chemical detection circuit to produce a composite signal;
digitizing and storing the composite signal in a data storage device in a file structure that can be converted to a format that is compatible with an audio processing software program;
recovering the output signal of each chemical detection circuit using the audio processing software program; and
reviewing each recovered output signal to determine that an odor is present in the air in the air intake conduit, the odor indicating a burial site of human remains.