Influenza A virus with attenuating mutations in NS2 protein
The invention provides an isolated attenuated recombinant influenza virus comprising a gene segment comprising a mutant NS2 protein gene, wherein the NS2 protein has at least two substitutions that do not substantially alter the in vitro replication of the virus but are associated with attenuation of the virus in vivo, wherein at least one of the substitutions is a substitution for glutamate.
1. An isolated attenuated recombinant influenza virus comprising a gene segment comprising a mutant NS2 protein gene, wherein the NS2 protein has at least one substitution that does not substantially alter the in vitro replication of the virus but is associated with attenuation of the virus in vivo, wherein the at least one substitution is a substitution for glutamate at position 74 or 75 of NS2 relative to position 74 or 75 of NS2 of influenza A virus strain WSN comprising residues in SEQ ID NO:15 which correspond to positions 67 to 82, wherein the at least one substitution is encoded by a mutation in the NS2 gene that also alters the coding region for the NS1 protein thereby yielding a NS1 protein with one or more additional amino acid residues, or wherein the substitution for glutamate is a substitution to a serine, alanine, methionine, glycine, leucine, threonine, isoleucine, or valine.
2. The virus of claim 1 further comprising a substitution for glutamate at position 67 relative to the NS2 of strain WSN.
3. The virus of claim 1 wherein the at least one substitution is at position 74.
4. The virus of claim 1 wherein the at least one substitution is at position 75.
5. The virus of claim 1 further comprising a substitution for glutamate at position 81 relative to the NS2 of strain WSN.
6. The virus of claim 1 further comprising a substitution for glutamate at position 82 relative to the NS2 of strain WSN.
7. The virus of claim 1 further comprising a substitution for tryptophan at position 78 relative to the NS2 of strain WSN.
8. The virus of claim 7 wherein the substitution for tryptophan is a substitution to serine, alanine, methionine, glycine, leucine, threonine, isoleucine, or valine.
9. The virus of claim 1 which has an additional substitution for glutamate at positions 67, 81 or 82.
10. The virus of claim 1 wherein the gene segment further comprises a mutant NS1 protein gene resulting from the mutation that yields the at least one glutamate substitution in the NS2 protein.
11. The virus of claim 1 wherein substitution for glutamate is a substitution to a serine, alanine, methionine, glycine, leucine, threonine, isoleucine, or valine.
12. The virus of claim 1 wherein the at least one substitution is encoded by a mutation in the NS2 gene that also alters the coding region for the NS1 protein thereby yielding a NS1 protein with one or more additional amino acid residues.
13. The virus of claim 1 wherein the at least one substitution is encoded by a mutation in the NS2 gene results in an amino acid substitution in the coding region for the NS1 protein.
14. A method to immunize a vertebrate comprising administering to the vertebrate an effective amount of a composition comprising the recombinant virus of claim 1 .
15. An isolated attenuated recombinant influenza virus comprising a gene segment comprising a NS2 protein gene selected to encode a NS2 protein that does not have a glutamate residue at two or more positions in the M1 binding region of NS2, wherein the two or more positions correspond to positions 67, 74, 75, 81, or 82 of NS2 of influenza A virus strain WSN comprising residues in SEQ ID NO:15 which correspond to positions 67 to 82, wherein at least one of the two substitutions for glutamate is not aspartic acid.