Electromagnetic flowmeter with automatic span correction
An electromagnetic flowmeter comprises a measuring pipe through which fluid to be measured flows, an electrode provided therein, an exciting unit, a signal line, a signal conversion unit that extracts a ∂A/∂t component that results from a change in the magnetic field from a resultant electromotive force of an electromotive force of the ∂A/∂t component; and an electromotive force of a v×B component that results from a flow speed of the fluid, wherein the resultant electromotive force is detected by the electrode and the signal line; and a flow rate output unit that eliminates, based on the extracted ∂A/∂t component, a variation factor as to a span that is a coefficient applied to a magnitude V of a flow speed of the v×B component in the resultant electromotive force so as to calculate a flow rate of the fluid.
1. An electromagnetic flowmeter comprising:
a measuring pipe through which fluid to be measured flows;
an electrode that is provided in the measuring pipe and detects an electromotive force generated by a magnetic field applied to the fluid and a flow of the fluid;
an exciting unit that applies, to the fluid, a time-changing magnetic field that is symmetrical with respect to an electrode plane that includes the electrode and is perpendicular to an axial direction of the measuring pipe;
a signal line that is connected to the electrode at one end thereof and provided so as to be inclined with respect to a direction of a magnetic field parallel to the electrode plane and such that an electromotive force is generated by a change in the magnetic field with passage of time;
a signal conversion unit that is connected to another end of the signal line and extracts a ∂A/∂t component that is unrelated to a flow speed of the fluid and results from a change in the magnetic field with passage of time, from a resultant electromotive force of: an electromotive force of the ∂A/∂t component; and an electromotive force of a v×B component that results from a flow speed of the fluid, the resultant electromotive force being detected by the electrode and the signal line; and
a flow rate output unit that eliminates, on the basis of the extracted ∂A/∂t component, a variation factor as to a span that is a coefficient applied to a magnitude V of a flow speed of the v×B component in the resultant electromotive force, and calculates a flow rate of the fluid on the basis of a result in which the variation factor is eliminated.
2. The electromagnetic flowmeter according to claim 1 , wherein the signal line has a portion extending in the same direction as the axial direction of the measuring pipe.
3. The electromagnetic flowmeter according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein
the exciting unit comprises: an exciting coil that is provided such that a coil axis is included in the electrode plane; and a power supply that supplies exciting current to the exciting coil, and
the signal conversion unit extracts the ∂A/∂t component by obtaining a phase difference or a time difference between the resultant electromotive force and the exciting current.
4. The electromagnetic flowmeter according to claim 3 , wherein
the power supply supplies exciting current of a first frequency to the exciting coil,
the signal conversion unit extracts the ∂A/∂t component by obtaining a phase difference between the exciting current and a component of the first frequency out of the resultant electromotive force, and
the flow rate output unit eliminates, on the basis of the extracted ∂A/∂t component, a variation factor as to a span, which is included in a v×B component in the first frequency component of the resultant electromotive force, and calculates the flow rate of the fluid on the basis of a result in which the variation factor is eliminated.
5. The electromagnetic flowmeter according to claim 3 , wherein
the electrode comprises a pair of electrodes that are provided on an axis perpendicular to an axis of the measuring pipe, so as to face each other through the axis of the measuring pipe, and
the signal line comprises two signal lines that are connected to the electrodes, respectively, at least one of the two signal lines being provided so as to be inclined with respect to a direction of a magnetic field parallel to the electrode plane and such that an electromotive force is generated by a change in the signal line with passage of time.
6. The electromagnetic flowmeter according to claim 3 , further comprising an outer core that covers an outside of the exciting coil, wherein
the signal line is provided within the outer core so as to be inclined with respect to a direction of a magnetic field parallel to the electrode plane and such that an electromotive force is generated by a change in the magnetic field with passage of time.
7. The electromagnetic flowmeter according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein
the exciting unit comprises: an exciting coil that is provided such that a coil axis is included in the electrode plane; and a power supply that supplies, to the exciting coil, exciting current that simultaneously or alternately provides a plurality of exciting frequencies, and
the signal conversion unit extracts the ∂A/∂t component by obtaining amplitudes and phases of simultaneously or alternately obtained at least two different frequency components out of the resultant electromotive force.
8. The electromagnetic flowmeter according to claim 7 , wherein
the power supply supplies, to the exciting coil, exciting current that simultaneously or alternately provides two different exciting frequencies that are a first frequency and a second frequency,
the signal conversion unit obtains amplitudes and phases of two frequency components of the first and second frequencies out of the resultant electromotive force, and extracts an electromotive force difference between the two frequency components as the ∂A/∂t component on the basis of the amplitudes and the phases, and
the flow rate output unit eliminates, on the basis of the extracted ∂A/∂t component, a variation factor as to a span, which is included in a v×B component in the first or second frequency component out of the resultant electromotive force, and calculates the flow rate of the fluid on the basis of a result in which the variation factor is eliminated.
9. The electromagnetic flowmeter according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein
the exciting unit comprises: an exciting coil that is provided such that a coil axis is included in the electrode plane; and a power supply that supplies exciting current to the exciting coil,
the signal line comprises a plurality of signal lines that are provided on paths different from each other, and
the signal conversion unit extracts the ∂A/∂t component by obtaining a sum of or a difference between resultant electromotive forces obtained from the plurality of signal lines.
10. The electromagnetic flowmeter according to claim 9 , wherein
the electrode comprises a pair of electrodes that are provided on an axis perpendicular to an axis of the measuring pipe, so as to face each other through the axis of the measuring pipe,
the signal line comprises two signal lines that are connected to the electrodes, respectively, and provided so as to extend from the electrode plane in directions opposite to each other,
the signal conversion unit extracts the ∂A/∂t component by obtaining a sum of resultant electromotive forces obtained from the two signal lines, and
the flow rate output unit eliminates, on the basis of the extracted ∂A/∂t component, a variation factor as to a span, which is included in a v×B component in a difference between the resultant electromotive forces obtained from the two signal lines, and calculates the flow rate of the fluid on the basis of a result in which the variation factor is eliminated.
11. The electromagnetic flowmeter according to claim 9 , wherein
the signal line comprises a plurality of signal lines that are connected to the same electrode, and
the signal conversion unit extracts the ∂A/∂t component by obtaining amplitudes and phases of resultant electromotive forces obtained from at least two signal lines, out of resultant electromotive forces obtained from the plurality of signal lines.
12. The electromagnetic flowmeter according to claim 11 , wherein
the signal line comprises first and second signal lines that are connected to the same electrode and provided so as to extend from the electrode plane in directions opposite to each other,
the signal conversion unit obtains an amplitude and a phase of each of: a first resultant electromotive force obtained from the first signal line; and a second resultant electromotive force obtained from the second signal line, and extracts an electromotive force difference between the first and second resultant electromotive forces as the ∂A/∂t component on the basis of the amplitudes and the phases, and
the flow rate output unit eliminates, on the basis of the extracted ∂A/∂t component, a variation factor as to a span, which is included in a v×B component in an electromotive force sum of the first and second resultant electromotive forces, and calculates the flow rate of the fluid on the basis of a result in which the variation factor is eliminated.
13. The electromagnetic flowmeter according to claim 11 , wherein
the electrode comprises a pair of electrodes that are provided on an axis perpendicular to an axis of the measuring pipe, so as to face each other through the axis of the measuring pipe, and
out of signal lines connected to each electrode, at least signal lines connected to one of the electrodes are provided so as to be inclined with respect to a direction of a magnetic field parallel to the electrode plane and such that an electromotive force is generated by a change in the magnetic field with passage of time.
14. The electromagnetic flowmeter according to claim 1 , further comprising an outer core that covers an outside of the exciting unit, wherein
the signal line is provided within the outer core so as to be inclined with respect to a direction of a magnetic field parallel to the electrode plane and such that an electromotive force is generated by a change in the magnetic field with passage of time.