Cationic steroid antimicrobial compositions and methods of use

1. A method for treating a subject in need of treatment for herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infection or pathogenesis, wherein the subject has been infected with, exposed to or contacted by HSV-2, comprising administering a sufficient amount of cationic steroid antimicrobial (CSA) CSA-8 or CSA-13 to treat the subject for the herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infection or pathogenesis.

2. A method for decreasing herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) replication in a subject, wherein the subject has been infected with, exposed to or contacted by HSV-2, comprising administering a sufficient amount of cationic steroid antimicrobial (CSA) CSA-8 or CSA-13 to decrease herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) replication in the subject.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the CSA is administered concurrently with, or following infection of the subject with HSV-2, exposure to or contact of the subject with HSV-2, or reactivation of HSV-2.

4. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the CSA is administered concurrently with, or following development of a symptom or pathology of acute or chronic HSV-2 infection, or reactivation of HSV-2 from latency.

5. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the CSA is administered to a biological fluid, an immune cell or tissue, mucosal cell or tissue, neural cell or tissue, or epithelial cell or tissue.

6. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the HSV-2 is present in a biological fluid, cell, tissue or organ.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the biological fluid comprises mucus, saliva, blood, serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, or placenta.

8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the tissue or organ comprises a transplant.

9. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the HSV-2 is present in an immune cell tissue or organ, mucosal cell, tissue or organ, neural cell, tissue or organ, or epithelial cell, tissue or organ.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the immune cell comprises a T cell or a B cell.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the mucosal cell or tissue comprises mouth, buccal cavity, labia, nasopharynx, esophagus, trachea, lung, stomach, small intestine, vagina, rectum, or colon.

12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the neural cell or tissue comprises ganglia, motor or sensory neurons.

13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the epithelial cell or tissue comprises nose, fingers, ears, cornea, conjunctiva, skin or dermis.

14. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the CSA comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipent.

15. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the CSA comprises a sterile formulation.

16. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the CSA comprises a composition comprising one or more additional CSAs or biologically active ingredients.

17. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the subject is symptomatic or asymptomatic for HSV-2 infection, reactivation or pathogenesis.

18. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the HSV-2 infection is in a latent state, active state or reactivated state.

19. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the subject produces an antibody against HSV-2.

20. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the method reduces, or decreases, HSV-2 titer, viral load, or replication in a subject.

21. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the method reduces or decreases an amount of a HSV-2 protein.

22. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the method reduces or decreases HSV-2 proliferation or a viral protein, or inhibits increases in HSV-2 titer, viral load, viral replication, viral proliferation or a viral protein.

23. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the subject has been infected with HSV-2.

24. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the subject has been diagnosed as HSV-2+ or has experienced a symptom or pathology caused by HSV-2 infection or pathogenesis or reactivation of HSV-2 from latency.

25. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the subject is immunocompromised.

26. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the subject is a candidate for or has received an immunosuppressant treatment.

27. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the subject is a candidate for or has received a tissue or organ transplant.

28. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the subject is a newborn, infant, toddler or child.

29. The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the subject is 50 years or older.

30. The method of claim 1 or 2 , further comprising administering to the subject an additional CSA or treatment.

31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the additional treatment is for HSV-2, or a side effect of an HSV-2 treatment.

32. The method of claim 30 , wherein the additional treatment comprises a protease inhibitor, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, a virus fusion inhibitor or a virus entry inhibitor.

33. The method of claim 30 , wherein the additional treatment comprises administering: Aplaviroc, N′-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-((S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-8-yl)butane-1,4-diamine, Apricitabine, azidothymidine (AZT), Abacavir, acycloguanosice, Adefovir dipivoxil, Aldesleukin, Alovudine, amphotericin B liposomal, Amdoxovir, Amphotericin B, Rintatolimod, Amprenavir, Atazanavir, Azithromycin, 1 (4 benzoylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4,7-dimethoxy-1H-pyrrolo-[2,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)ethane-1,2-dione, combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, Entecavir, Clarithromycin, equimolar mixture of alkyl dimethyl glycine and alkyl dimethyl amine oxide, CD4-IgG2, Calanolide A, Capravirine, High molecular weight polymer of acrylic acid crosslinked with allyl ethers of pentaerythritol, Cellulose sulfate, Cidofovir, Clarithromycin, combination of lamivudine and zidovudine, ribavirin, Cotrimoxazole, Indinavir sulfate, Ganciclovir, (−)-beta-d-2,6-diaminopurine dioxolane (DAPD), 2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxy-5-fluorocytidine, Delavirdine, Dextran sulfate, Didanosine, Docosanol, pegylated liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin, Doxorubicin, Dronabinol, Efavirenz, Elvucitabine, Emtricitabine, Enfuvirtide, Entecavir, Lamivudine, combination of lamivudine and abacavir, Etoposide, Etravirine, Famcyclovir, Fluconazole, Foscarnet, Saquinavir, Fosamprenavir, Enfuvirtide, GSK-873,140 (aplaviroc), immune globulin (intravenous), Ganciclovir, Growth hormone, Human growth hormone, Hydroxyethyl cellulose, Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Immune Globulin, Indinavir, Interferon alfa-2, Saquinavir Mesylate, Isoniazid, Isoprinosine, Itraconazole, lopinavir and ritonavir, 5-(1,1-Dioxido-1,2-thiazinan-2-yl)-N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-8-hydroxy-1,6-naphthyridine-7-carboxamide, Lamivudine, Megestrol, Rifabutin, Naphthalene 2-sulfonate polymer, Pentamidine, Nelfinavir, trimetrexate glucuronate) for injection, Nevirapine, isonicotinylhydrazine, Paclitaxel (injection), Bevirimat, Paclitaxel, peginterferon alfa-2a, Poly(I)-Poly(C12U), Poly-L-lactic acid, immune globulin intravenous, Aldesleukin, Racivir, Rebetol, 2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxy-5-fluorocytidine, Atazanavir, Ribavirin, Rifabutin, Rifampicin, Ritonavir, Interferon alfa-2a, SCH-D (vicriviroc), Saquinavir, Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole, Somatropin, Sporanox, Stavudine, Sulfamethoxazole, Darimavor, Etravirine, monoclonal antibody that binds CD4, Tenofovir, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, Testosterone, Tipranavir, Trimethoprim, Trimetrexate, abacavir and lamivudine and zidovudine, tenofovir and emtricitabine, Thiocarboxanilide, UK-427,857 (maraviroc), cellulose sulfate, Valacyclovir, Valganciclovir, Valproic acid, Vicriviroc, Vidabrine (Adenine arabinoside), Zalcitabine, Acycloir topical, ddC, β-LFddC, P-LFd4C, DDI, Fosamprenavir, Lamivudine, or human erythropoietin (EPO).

34. The method of claim 30 , wherein the additional treatment comprises a cytokine, chemokine, interferon or interleukin.

35. The method of claim 30 , wherein the additional treatment is for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

36. The method of claim 30 , wherein the additional treatment comprises an antibody that binds to an HSV-2 protein.

37. The method of claim 36 , wherein the HSV-2 protein is an envelope protein, tegument protein, capsid protein, core protein or polymerase.

38. The method of claim 36 , wherein the envelope protein comprises glycoprotein gp42, gp350, gpK8.1A, B, C, D, E, H, L, gB, gC, gD, gE, gH, or gL.

39. The method of claim 37 , wherein the tegument protein comprises: UL17, UL36, UL37, UL48, UL49, US11, UL11, UL14, UL16, UL21, UL41, UL46, UL47, VP13/14, VP16 or VP22.

40. The method of claim 37 , wherein the capsid protein comprises: VP5, VP19c, VP21, VP23, VP24, or VP26.

41. The method of claim 36 , wherein the antibody is human, humanized or chimeric.

42. The method of claim 36 , wherein the antibody is monoclonal or polyclonal.