Tubular scaffold for neural growth
A scaffold for neurons consists of tubes sized to promote neural growth through the tubes. The tubes may be fixed to a substrate providing electrical or optical paths out from the interior of the tubes from sensors or stimulating probes at one or more locations along the length of the coaxial axons. Steering electrodes at spaces between tubes may be used to selectively promote the growth of interconnections of different axons in a one, two, or three-dimensional fashion.
1. A method of providing an interface to neurons comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a plurality of tubes free from tissue and/or bioactive molecules that segregate axons by function and sized in diameter and length to promote a growth of axons therethrough wherein the tubes are sized to wrap around neural processes of the neurons and insulate them from extracellular solution preventing passive ion leakage through a cell membrane of the neural processes as would be provided by a myelin sheath;
(b) growing axons through the tubes as provided; and
(c) providing at least one of a stimulating signal to the axon in the tube or a detection of signal from the axon constrained in the tube;
further including the step of selectively interconnecting at least one axon growing through a first tube to a second axon growing through a second tube different from the first tube;
wherein the tubes have diameters in a range of one to 100 μm and are sized to provide a three-dimensional contact to neural processes growing therethrough; and
wherein the tubes have an aspect ratio of length to diameter no less than ten.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of selectively interconnecting employs electrical stimulation.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the tubes have a wall thickness with a range of substantially 100 nm to about 5 microns.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the tubes are transparent to light.
5. The method of claim 1 . wherein the tubes comprise an outer and inner layer of different materials and wherein the different materials are different semiconducting materials.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the tube has an axial gap which is sufficiently closed along its length to prevent exit of the axon except at ends of the tube.
7. The method of claim 1 further including an electrical conductor patterned on an inner surface of the tube and communicating from the tube to a common support structure.
8. The method of claim 7 further including an insulating layer over the electrical conductor to provide for capacitive coupling to an axon in the tube.
9. The method of claim 1 further including steering electrodes positioned near openings at ends of the tubes to guide a direction of neural growth in between tubes.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the tubes include integrated circuitry on walls of the tubes.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the tubes are fixed to a substrate in a predetermined relative orientation.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the tubes are fixed to a substrate in a predetermined relative orientation.