Preparation of thin film transistors (TFTs) or radio frequency identification (RFID) tags or other printable electronics using ink-jet printer and carbon nanotube inks
The invented ink-jet printing method for the construction of thin film transistors using all SWNTs on flexible plastic films is a new process. This method is more practical than all of existing printing methods in the construction TFT and RFID tags because SWNTs have superior properties of both electrical and mechanical over organic conducting oligomers and polymers which are often used for TFT. Furthermore, this method can be applied on thin films such as paper and plastic films while silicon based techniques cannot be used on such flexible films. These are superior to the traditional conducting polymers used in printable devices since they need no dopant and they are more stable. They could be used in conjunction with conducting polymers, or as stand-alone inks.
1. A thin film transistor (TFT) comprising:
a channel fabricated as a first layer of a composite ink mixture comprising metallic carbon nanotubes (m-NTs) and semiconductor carbon nanotubes (s-NTs) applied to a substrate,
wherein the m-NTs dominate the characteristics of the composite ink mixture and are de-activated in-situ to render the channel a semiconductor channel layer;
a gate area fabricated by applying a dielectric layer over a portion of the semiconductor channel layer while exposing a source area and a drain area on the semiconductor channel layer; and
a gate electrode, a source electrode and a drain electrode fabricated as electrode layers of the composite ink mixture respectively applied to the gate area, the source area, and the drain area,
wherein the m-NTs of the composite ink mixture of the electrode layers are not de-activated thus rendering the electrode layers of the composite ink mixture substantially conductive, and
wherein a conductivity of the channel is modulated in response to a voltage applied to the gate electrode.
2. The TFT of claim 1 , wherein the metallic carbon nanotubes and semiconductor carbon nanotubes are selected from the group consisting of single wall carbon nanotubes, multi-wall carbon nanotubes, double-wall carbon nanotubes, small-diameter carbon nanotubes, and combinations thereof.
3. A method for fabricating a thin film transistor (TFT), said method comprising:
using an ink jet printer mechanism to print a substantially rectangular channel of the TFT as a composite ink mixture of metallic carbon nanotubes (m-NTs) and semiconductor carbon nanotubes (s-NTs),
wherein the m-NTs are active and dominate the characteristics of the composite ink mixture;
drying the composite ink mixture forming the rectangular channel;
washing, if necessary, the composite ink mixture forming the rectangular channel to remove any unwanted residue present;
de-activating the m-NTs in the composite ink mixture rendering the rectangular channel a semiconductor channel;
applying a dielectric material over a portion of the semiconductor channel exposing a source area at one end of the semiconductor channel and a drain area at the other end of the semiconductor channel;
printing electrodes of the composite ink mixture forming a gate electrode over the dielectric, a source electrode over the source area of the semiconductor channel, and a drain electrode over the drain area of the semiconductor channel;
drying the composite ink mixture forming the gate electrode, source electrode, and drain electrode of the TFT; and
washing, if necessary, the composite ink mixture forming the gate electrode, source electrode, and drain electrode of the TFT to remove any present unwanted residue.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the metallic carbon nanotubes and semiconductor carbon nanotubes are selected from the group consisting of single wall carbon nanotubes, multi-wall carbon nanotubes, double-wall carbon nanotubes, small-diameter carbon nanotubes, and combinations thereof.