Compositions and methods for determining alloys for thermal spray, weld overlay, thermal spray post processing applications, and castings
Disclosed herein are iron-based alloys having a structure comprising fine-grained ferritic matrix and having a 60+ Rockwell C surface, wherein the ferritic matrix comprises <10 μm Nb and W carbide precipitates. Also disclosed are methods of welding comprising forming a crack free hardbanding weld overlay coating with such an iron-based alloy. Also disclosed are methods of designing an alloy capable of forming a crack free hardbanding weld overlay, the methods comprising the step determining an amorphous forming epicenter composition, determining a variant composition having a predetermined change in constituent elements from the amorphous forming epicenter composition, and forming and analyzing an alloy having the variant composition.
1. An iron-based alloy having a microstructure comprising a fine-grained ferritic matrix and having a 60+ Rockwell C surface, wherein the ferritic matrix comprises <10 μm Nb and W carbide precipitates, the alloy given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 65.3-79.95 Cr 3-7 Ni 0-6 Mn 0-6 Nb 3.5-7 V 0-2.05 C 0.5-1.5 B 0.6-1.75 W 8.5-15.45 Si 0-1.0 Ti 0-1 Al 0-4 .
2. The alloy of claim 1 , given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 65.3-79.95 Cr 5 Ni 0-6 Mn 0-6 Nb 3.5-6 V 0-2 C 0.8-1.5 B 0.8-1.4 W 8.5-13.5 Si 0.15 Ti 0.25-1 Al 0-4 .
3. The alloy of claim 1 , given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 67.3-77.05 Cr 3-7 Ni 0-3 Mn 0-2 Nb 3.5-7 C 0.5-1.4 B 0.6-1.75 W 9.5-15.45 Si 0-0.5 Ti 0-0.5 .
4. The alloy of claim 3 , given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 74.35 Cr 5 Ni 4 V 2 C 0.8 B 1 W 12.45 Si 0.15 Ti 0.25 .
5. The alloy of claim 1 , given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 67.3-77.05 Cr 3-7 Ni 0-3 Mn 0-6 Nb 4-7 C 0.5-1.4 B 0.6-1.75 W 9.5-15.45 Si 0-0.5 Ti 0-0.5 .
6. The alloy of claim 1 , given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe bal Cr 4.8-5.0 Mn <1.0 Nb 4.0-4.2 C 1.0-1.1 V 1.95-2.05 B 1.15-1.25 W 12.4-12.5 Si <1.0 Ti 0.2-0.3 .
7. The alloy of claim 1 , given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe bal Cr 4.8-5.0 Mn <1.0 Nb 4.0-4.2 C 1.0-1.1 V 0.40-0.60 B 1.15-1.25 W 8.8-9.2 Si <1.0 Ti 0.2-0.3 .
8. A method of welding, comprising forming a crack free hardbanding weld overlay coating with an iron-based alloy having a microstructure comprising a fine-grained ferritic matrix and having a 60+ Rockwell C surface, wherein the ferritic matrix comprises <10 μm Nb and W carbide precipitates wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 65.3-79.95 Cr 3-7 Ni 0-6 Mn 0-6 Nb 3.5-7 V 0-2.05 C 0.5-1.5 B 0.6-1.75 W 8.5-15.45 Si 0-1.0 Ti 0-1 Al 0-4 .
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 65.3-79.95 Cr 5 Ni 0-6 Mn 0-6 Nb 3.5-6 V 0-2 C 0.8-1.5 B 0.8-1.4 W 8.5-13.5 Si 0.15 Ti 0.25-1 Al 0-4 .
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 67.3-77.05 Cr 3-7 Ni 0-3 Mn 0-2 Nb 3.5-7 C 0.5-1.4 B 0.6-1.75 W 9.5-13.5 Si 0-0.5 Ti 0-0.5 .
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 74.35 Cr 5 Ni 4 V 2 C 0.8 B 1 W 12.45 Si 0.15 Ti 0.25 .
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 67.3-77.05 Cr 3-7 Ni 0-3 Mn 0-6 Nb 4-7 C 0.5-1.4 B 0.6-1.75 W 9.5-15.45 Si 0-0.5 Ti 0-0.5 .
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe bal Cr 4.8-5.0 Mn <1.0 Nb 4.0-4.2 C 1.0-1.1 V 1.95-2.05 B 1.15-1.25 W 12.4-12.5 Si <1.0 Ti 0.2-0.3 .
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe bal Cr 4.8-5.0 Mn <1.0 Nb 4.0-4.2 C 1.0-1.1 V 0.40-0.60 B 1.15-1.25 W 8.8-9.2 Si <1.0 Ti 0.2-0.3 .
15. A welding wire having a composition that forms a weld comprising an iron-based alloy having a microstructure comprising a fine-grained ferritic matrix and having a 60+ Rockwell C surface, wherein the ferritic matrix comprises <10 μm Nb and W carbide precipitates, the alloy given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 65.3-79.95 Cr 3-7 Ni 0-6 Mn 0-6 Nb 3.5-7 V 0-2.05 C 0.5-1.5 B 0.6-1.75 W 8.5-15.45 Si 0-1.0 Ti 0-1 Al 0-4 .
16. The welding wire of claim 15 , wherein the alloy is by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 65.3-79.95 Cr 5 Ni 0-6 Mn 0-6 Nb 3.5-6 V 0-2 C 0.8-1.5 B 0.8-1.4 W 8.5-13.5 Si 0.15 Ti 0.25-1 Al 0-4 .
17. The welding wire of claim 15 , wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 67.3-77.05 Cr 3-7 Ni 0-3 Mn 0-2 Nb 3.5-7 C 0.5-1.4 B 0.6-1.75 W 9.5-15.45 Si 0-0.5 Ti 0-0.5 .
18. The welding wire of claim 17 , wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 74.35 Cr 5 Ni 4 V 2 C 0.8 B 1 W 12.45 Si 0.15 Ti 0.25 .
19. The welding wire of claim 15 , wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 67.3-77.05 Cr 3-7 Ni 0-3 Mn 0-6 Nb 4-7 C 0.5-1.4 B 0.6-1.75 W 9.5-15.45 Si 0-0.5 Ti 0-0.5 .
20. The welding wire of claim 15 , wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe bal Cr 4.8-5.0 Mn <1.0 Nb 4.0-4.2 C 1.0-1.1 V 1.95-2.05 B 1.15-1.25 W 12.4-12.5 Si <1.0 Ti 0.2-0.3 .
21. The welding wire of claim 15 , wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe bal Cr 4.8-5.0 Mn <1.0 Nb 4.0-4.2 C 1.0-1.1 V 0.40-0.60 B 1.15-1.25 W 8.8-9.2 Si <1.0 Ti 0.2-0.3 .