Foam compositions for selective recovery of oil spills and other applications
A polymer composition for use in the removal and recovery of oil slicks or spills floating on the surfaces of bodies of water or present on land, such as beaches comprising a foam of a blend of polyethylene and an ethylene-alkyl acrylate copolymer and a process for using such foams in the selective removal of oil from fresh water or salt water and the recovery of the absorbed oils from the foams is disclosed. The polymer composition is also for use in other applications in which absorption of liquids is desired.
1. An open-cell cross-linked foam composition comprising:
a) a blend of ingredients comprising:
i) from about 20 to about 50 weight percent of polyethylene having a density between about 0.91 and about 0.95 g/cc and a melt index between about 1 and about 4 g/10 minutes;
ii) from about 50 to about 80 weight percent of ethylene-alkyl acrylate copolymer having a melt index between about 0.5 and about 4 g/10 minutes;
iii) a chemical foaming agent that decomposes to form a gas when the blend is heated during processing into the foam composition;
iv) silicone oil;
v) an organic peroxide cross-linker; and
vi) an elastomer;
b) wherein the blend is processed to create a foam that has the following properties:
i) open-cells created by crushing the foamed blend, wherein the average cell size is between 0.65 and 1.4 mm by ocular;
ii) a density of from 1.5 to 2.0 pounds per cubic foot; and
iii) an absorption weight capacity of SAE 30 oil of at least about 30 times the weight of the open-cell foam composition.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the blend further comprises a biodegradation initiator.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the open-cell foam composition is used to selectively absorb liquid hydrocarbons from a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons and water.
4. The composition of claim 3 wherein the open-cell foam composition has an absorption weight capacity of SAE 90 oil of at least about 27 times the weight of the open-cell foam composition.
5. The composition of claim 4 wherein the open-cell foam composition has an absorption weight capacity of SAE 10W-30 oil of at least about 25 times the weight of the open-cell foam composition.
6. The composition of claim 3 wherein the blend further comprises an inorganic filler.
7. The composition of claim 6 wherein the copolymer comprises from about 20% to about 25% acrylate.
8. A structure constructed and arranged to remove liquid hydrocarbons from a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons and water comprising the open-cell foam composition of claim 1 .
9. The structure of claim 8 in the form of one or more separate pieces.
10. The structure of claim 9 in the form of a series of strips.
11. The structure of claim 10 wherein the strips are submerged using weights.
12. The structure of claim 9 wherein the separate pieces are held close together.
13. The structure of claim 12 wherein the separate pieces are held close together by netting.
14. An open-cell cross-linked foam composition comprising:
a) a blend of ingredients comprising:
i) about 44 weight percent of polyethylene having a density of about 0.91 g/cc and a melt index between about 2.2 and 2.3 g/10 minutes;
ii) about 56 weight percent of ethylene-alkyl acrylate copolymer having a density of about 0.94 g/cc, a melt index between about 2.0 and 2.1 g/10 minutes and comprising from about 20% to about 24% acrylate;
iii) a biodegradation initiator;
iv) a cross-linking agent; and
v) a chemical foaming agent;
b) wherein the blend is processed to create a foam that has the following properties:
i) open-cells created by crushing the foamed blend, wherein the average cell size is between 0.65 and 1.4 mm by ocular;
ii) a density of from about 1.6 to about 2 pounds per cubic foot; and
iii) an absorption weight capacity of SAE 30 oil of at least about 30 times the weight of the open-cell foam composition, an absorption weight capacity of SAE 90 oil of at least about 27 times the weight of the open-cell foam composition, and an absorption weight capacity of SAE 10W-30 oil of at least about 25 times the weight of the open-cell foam composition.
15. A structure constructed and arranged to remove liquid hydrocarbons from a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons and water comprising the open-cell foam composition of claim 14 .
16. The structure of claim 15 in the form of a series of strips that are held close together.
17. The structure of claim 15 in the form of a number of separate pieces that are held close together with netting.