Positron storage micro-trap array
Micromachined holes in stacks of silicon wafers can be used to define high aspect ratio charged particle storage volumes. Each wafer can define a section of a tubular trap, and electric fields in each wafer can be controlled independently so that charged particles can be stored and shuttled among the sections.
1. A charged particle storage device, comprising:
a plurality of substrates, each substrate defining a plurality of unsegmented through apertures from a first surface to an oppositely situated second surface, the substrates stacked so that a plurality of the through apertures from each substrate align to define a plurality of unsegmented through apertures extending through the stack of substrates from a first exterior surface oppositely situated with respect to a second exterior surface, the unsegmented through apertures having a length to radius aspect ratio of at least 25, wherein each of the unsegmented through apertures includes an unsegmented conductive interior surface; and
electrically conductive layers situated at the first and second exterior surfaces.
2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising electrically conductive layers situated at the first and second surfaces of each of the plurality of substrates, and electrically coupled so that different voltages can be established along the apertures of each substrate.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the length to radius aspect ratio is at least 50.
4. The device of claim 3 , wherein an effective diameter of the unsegmented though apertures is less than 100 micrometers.
5. The device of claim 3 , wherein an effective diameter of the unsegmented through apertures is less than 50 micrometers.
6. A charge storage device, comprising:
a tubular void defined in a plurality of stacked substrates, the tubular void extending along an axis from a first surface to second surface that are substantially perpendicular to the axis, wherein each of the stacked substrates defines an unsegmented section of the tubular void, wherein the unsegmented tubular sections have a length to radius aspect ratio of at least 20 and an effective diameter of less than 125 micrometers; and
conductive layers situated at the first and second surface and configured to establish an electric field along the axis, wherein the unsegmented tubular void is surrounded by a continuous conductive layer that extends along the axis.
7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the length to radius aspect ratio is at least 50 and the effective diameter is less than 100 micrometers.
8. The device of claim 7 , further comprising a plurality of unsegmented tubular voids defined in the plurality of stacked substrates, the unsegmented tubular voids extending parallel to the axis, wherein each of the stacked substrates defines a section of a corresponding unsegmented tubular void.
9. The device of claim 7 , further comprising electrically independent conductive layers situated at the first and second surfaces of the plurality of substrates.
10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the substrates are silicon substrates having thicknesses of less than 2 mm.
11. The device of claim 10 , wherein the thicknesses are less than 1 mm.
12. The device of claim 11 , wherein the effective diameter is less than 75 micrometers.
13. The device of claim 11 , wherein each of the stacked substrates defines at least 100 unsegmented tubular void sections.
14. The device of claim 11 , wherein each of the stacked substrates defines at least 1000 unsegmented tubular void sections.
15. The device of claim 11 , wherein each of the stacked substrates defines at least 10,000 unsegmented tubular void sections.
16. The device of claim 11 , wherein a cross section of the unsegmented tubular void sections is circular or hexagonal.
17. A charged particle storage device, comprising the device of claim 7 , and further comprising:
a magnet configured to establish a magnetic field along the axis; and
a voltage controller configured to supply at least one voltage so as to define axial electric fields in each of the tubular sections.
18. The charged particle storage device of claim 17 , wherein the voltage controller is configured to establish axial electric fields that differ in magnitude and sign in each substrate.
19. A method, comprising:
forming a plurality of unsegmented recesses that extend between opposing surfaces of a wafer substrate, wherein a length to radius aspect ratio of the unsegmented recesses is at least 50 and an effective diameter is less than 100 μm;
establishing continuous conductive layers about the unsegmented recesses;
bonding a plurality of such wafer substrates to form a stack, wherein the unsegmented recesses in each wafer are aligned to form a plurality of through holes extending through the stack; and
establishing conductive layers at opposing surfaces of the wafer stack.