Two-speed transmission for electric vehicles
The transmission comprises: a primary shaft; a secondary shaft; a gearing of first speed comprising a first driving gearwheel carried by the primary shaft and a first driven gearwheel carried by the secondary shaft and permanently meshing with the first driving gearwheel; a gearing of second speed comprising a second driving gearwheel carried by the primary shaft and a second driven gearwheel carried by the secondary shaft and permanently meshing with the second driving gearwheel; an overrunning clutch associated to one of the first driving gearwheel and first driven gearwheel to allow the transmission of the torque via the gearing of first speed only in the direction from the primary shaft to the secondary shaft; a first coupling device arranged to connect either of the first driving gearwheel and first driven gearwheel, namely the gearwheel to which the overrunning clutch is associated, for rotation directly with the respective shaft, so as to allow the transmission of the torque via the gearing of first speed also in the direction from the secondary shaft to the primary shaft; and a second coupling device arranged to connect either of the second driving gearwheel and second driven gearwheel for rotation with the respective shaft. The first and second coupling devices are both shiftable between an open condition and a closed condition independently of each other. The first coupling device is normally open, whereas the second coupling device is normally closed.
1. A two-speed transmission for electric vehicles provided with an electric machine able to operate alternatively as a motor according to a traction operating mode or as a generator according to a regeneration operating mode, the transmission comprising:
a primary shaft;
a secondary shaft;
a gearing of first speed, or low speed, comprising a first driving gearwheel carried by the primary shaft and a first driven gearwheel carried by the secondary shaft and permanently meshing with the first driving gearwheel;
a gearing of second speed, or high speed, comprising a second driving gearwheel carried by the primary shaft and a second driven gearwheel carried by the secondary shaft and permanently meshing with the second driving gearwheel;
an overrunning clutch associated to said first driven gearwheel to allow the transmission of the torque via the gearing of first speed only in the direction from the primary shaft to the secondary shaft;
a first coupling device selectively coupling said second driving gearwheel for rotation with the primary shaft, said first coupling device being shiftable between an open condition and a closed condition; and
a second coupling device selectively coupling said first driven gearwheel, namely the gearwheel to which the overrunning clutch is associated, for rotation directly with the secondary shaft, said second coupling device being shiftable between an open condition and a closed condition;
characterized in that said first coupling device is normally closed and is shiftable between the open condition and the closed condition independently of the open or closed condition of said second coupling device.
2. The transmission according to claim 1 , wherein said second coupling device is normally open.
3. The transmission according to claim 1 , wherein said first driving gearwheel is permanently connected for rotation with the primary shaft, whereas said first driven gearwheel is connectable for rotation with the secondary shaft via the overrunning clutch, and wherein said second driven gearwheel is permanently connected for rotation with the secondary shaft, whereas said second driving gearwheel is idly mounted on the primary shaft and is connectable for rotation with this latter by means of said first coupling device.
4. The transmission according to claim 1 , wherein said first driven gearwheel comprises a ring gear permanently meshing with said first driving gearwheel, and wherein the overrunning clutch is radially interposed between the ring gear and the secondary shaft.
5. The transmission according to claim 1 , wherein said second coupling device comprises a sliding sleeve provided with first engagement teeth arranged to mesh with second engagement teeth of said first driven gearwheel, the sliding sleeve being connected for rotation with the secondary shaft and being axially slidable between a disengagement position, in which said first and second engagement teeth are disengaged from each other, and an engagement position, in which said first and second engagement teeth mesh with each other, whereby said first driven gearwheel is connected for rotation with the secondary shaft.
6. The transmission according to claim 5 , wherein said second coupling device further comprises an actuating mechanism arranged to cause the sliding sleeve to move between said engagement and disengagement positions.
7. The transmission according to claim 6 , wherein said first and second engagement teeth are saw-toothed teeth made in such a manner that, in traction operating mode with the first speed engaged, the sliding sleeve is moved into the disengagement position by the axial component of the force exchanged between said first and second engagement teeth.
8. The transmission according to claim 7 , wherein the actuating mechanism comprises at least one spring tending to urge the sliding sleeve towards the engagement position or the disengagement position.
9. The transmission according to claim 1 , wherein said first coupling device is a friction clutch.