Liquid formulations for coating and printing substrates
A method is disclosed of preparing a liquid formulation for application as a deposit on a substrate. The method includes the steps of providing a liquid having a first viscosity in a non-evaporative state; and adding an amine-acid adduct to the liquid to form a mixture having a second viscosity greater than the first viscosity. The amine-acid adduct is evaporative such that the amine-acid adduct is substantially completely removed from the deposit in a functionally dry state.
1. A method of coating or printing a substrate with a liquid, said method comprising:
providing a liquid including a conductive ink and having a first viscosity;
providing an amine-acid adduct that includes amine;
combining said liquid with said amine-acid adduct to form a mixture having a second viscosity greater than said first viscosity;
applying said mixture as a deposit on the surface of the substrate; and
drying the deposit to a functionally dry state in which said amine-acid adduct is substantially completely removed from said deposit.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said amine-acid adduct comprises more than 10% by weight of said mixture.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said amine-acid adduct is evaporative to a reduced level of less than about 0.2% by weight of said deposit.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein said reduced level is less than about 0.1% by weight of said deposit.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein said reduced level is less than about 0.01% by weight of said deposit.
6. The method of claim 3 wherein said reduced level is less than about 0.001% by weight of said deposit.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said drying is achieved by a process selected from the group consisting of thermal drying, air drying, infrared drying, microwave drying and vacuum drying.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said liquid includes a dispersion of nano particles.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said nano particles are carbon nanotubes.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said amine-acid adduct further includes a diluting acrylate.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amine-acid adduct includes propyl amine.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amine acid adduct includes butyl amine.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amine acid adduct includes CO 2 .
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amine is a primary or secondary amine.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amine is selected from the group consisting of morpholine, N-ethyl-n-butyl amine, n-butyl amine, sec-butyl amine, t-butyl amine, n-propyl amine, n-pentyl amine, di-n-butylamine, N-methyl-n-butylamine, ethylene diamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and di methyl, ethanol amine.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amine-acid adduct further includes one of: carbon disulfide (CS 2 ), hydrochloric acid (HCL), or a low boiling temperature organic acid.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the low boiling temperature organic acid is one of: acetic acid, formic acid, or propionic acid.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid mixture comprises a hydrocarbon, water, or an alcohol.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amine-acid adduct is a carbamate or the carbonate wherein the carbamate or the carbonate is a viscosity control agent that alters the first viscosity of the liquid.
20. A method of coating or printing a substrate with a liquid, said method comprising:
providing a liquid including carbon nanotubes and having a first viscosity;
providing an amine-acid adduct that includes amine;
combining said liquid with said amine-acid adduct to form a mixture having a second viscosity greater than said first viscosity;
applying said mixture as a deposit on the surface of the substrate; and drying the deposit to a functionally dry state in which said amine-acid adduct is substantially completely removed from said deposit.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein said amine-acid adduct comprises more than 10% by weight of said mixture.
22. The method of claim 20 wherein said amine-acid adduct is evaporative to a reduced level of less than about 0.2% by weight of said deposit.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein said reduced level is less than about 0.1% by weight of said deposit.
24. The method of claim 22 wherein said reduced level is less than about 0.01% by weight of said deposit.
25. The method of claim 22 wherein said reduced level is less than about 0.001% by weight of said deposit.
26. The method of claim 20 , wherein said drying is achieved by a process selected from the group consisting of thermal drying, air drying, infrared drying, microwave drying and vacuum drying.
27. The method of claim 20 , wherein the amine-acid adduct includes propyl amine.
28. The method of claim 20 , wherein the amine acid adduct includes butyl amine.
29. The method of claim 20 , wherein the amine acid adduct includes CO 2 .
30. The method of claim 20 , wherein the amine is a primary or secondary amine.
31. The method of claim 20 , wherein the amine is selected from the group consisting of morpholine, N-ethyl-n-butyl amine, n-butyl amine, sec-butyl amine, t-butyl amine, n-propyl amine, n-pentyl amine, di-n-butylamine, N-methyl-n-butylamine, ethylene diamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and dimethyl, ethanol amine.
32. The method of claim 20 , wherein the amine-acid adduct further includes one of: carbon disulfide (CS 2 ), hydrochloric acid (HCL), or a low boiling temperature organic acid.
33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the low boiling temperature organic acid is one of: acetic acid, formic acid, or propionic acid.
34. The method of claim 20 , wherein the liquid mixture comprises a hydrocarbon, water, or an alcohol.
35. The method of claim 20 , wherein the amine-acid adduct is a carbamate or the carbonate wherein the carbamate or the carbonate is a viscosity control agent that alters the first viscosity of the liquid.
36. A method of coating or printing a substrate with a liquid, said method comprising:
providing a liquid including an optical coating material and having a first viscosity;
providing an amine-acid adduct;
combining said liquid with said amine-acid adduct to form a mixture having a second viscosity greater than said first viscosity;
applying said mixture as a deposit on the surface of the substrate; and
drying the deposit to a functionally dry state in which said amine-acid adduct is substantially completely removed from said deposit.
37. The method of claim 36 wherein said amine-acid adduct comprises more than 10% by weight of said mixture.
38. The method of claim 36 wherein said amine-acid adduct is evaporative to a reduced level of less than about 0.2% by weight of said deposit.
39. The method of claim 38 wherein said reduced level is less than about 0.1% by weight of said deposit.
40. The method of claim 38 wherein said reduced level is less than about 0.01% by weight of said deposit.
41. The method of claim 38 wherein said reduced level is less than about 0.001% by weight of said deposit.
42. The method of claim 36 , wherein said drying is achieved by a process selected from the group consisting of thermal drying, air drying, infrared drying, microwave drying and vacuum drying.
43. The method of claim 36 wherein said liquid includes a dispersion of nano particles.
44. The method of claim 43 , wherein said nano particles are carbon nanotubes.
45. The method of claim 36 , wherein said amine-acid adduct further includes a diluting acrylate.
46. The method of claim 36 , wherein the amine-acid adduct includes propyl amine.
47. The method of claim 36 , wherein the amine acid adduct includes butyl amine.
48. The method of claim 36 , wherein the amine is a primary or secondary amine.
49. The method of claim 36 , wherein the amine is selected from the group consisting of morpholine, N-ethyl-n-butyl amine, n-butyl amine, sec-butyl amine, t-butyl amine, n-propyl amine, n-pentyl amine, di-n-butylamine, N-methyl-n-butylamine, ethylene diamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and dimethyl, ethanol amine.
50. The method of claim 36 , wherein the amine-acid adduct further includes one of: carbon disulfide (CS 2 ), hydrochloric acid (HCL), or a low boiling temperature organic acid.
51. The method of claim 50 , wherein the low boiling temperature organic acid is one of: acetic acid, formic acid, or propionic acid.
52. The method of claim 36 , wherein the liquid mixture comprises a hydrocarbon, water, or an alcohol.
53. The method of claim 36 , wherein the amine-acid adduct is a carbamate or the carbonate wherein the carbamate or the carbonate is a viscosity control agent that alters the first viscosity of the liquid.
54. The method of claim 36 , wherein the amine acid adduct includes CO 2 .