Collagen fibrillar construction
Methods and compositions are described for organizing collagen into fibrillar networks, e.g, short and long-range organization. Collagen produced by the disclosed methods can be used for tissue engineering.
1. A method of producing an organized array of collagen fibrils, the method comprising:
contacting a template with a solution comprising collagen monomers from collagen fibrils in the solution;
applying a tension to a plurality of collagen fibrils in the solution, where the tension is controlled to generate a strain on the plurality of collagen fibrils of about 1% to about 10% such that controlled load on the collagen monomers is produced; and
contacting the plurality of collagen fibrils with a collagen lytic protease, thereby producing the organized array of collagen fibrils form the plurality of collagen fibrils.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising neutralizing the pH of the solution in contact with the template.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising neutralizing the pH of the solution in contact with the template at about 10° C. to about 39° C.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tension is applied to both ends of the plurality of collagen fibrils.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising adding supplemental collagen monomers to the solution continuously during application of the tension.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the collagen lytic protease and the supplemental collagen monomers are added simultaneously to the solution.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the collagen lytic protease and the supplemental collagen monomers are added sequentially to the solution.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the collagen lytic protease and the supplemental collagen are added more than once to the solution.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising organizing the array of collagen fibrils into a tissue.
10. The method of claim 5 further comprising continuously extending a collagen fibrillar structure at a rate of from about 0.1 μm/min to about 100 μm/min.
11. The method of claim 10 further comprising adding collagen lytic protease to the solution while extending the collagen fibrillar structure.
12. The method of either claim 10 or 11 further comprising extending the collagen fibrillar structure in the presence of a proteoglycan.
13. The method of claim 10 further comprising extending the collagen fibrillar structure in the presence of a co-nonsolvency agent.
14. The method of claim 12 further comprising extending the collagen fibrillar structure in the presence of a co-nonsolvency agent.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the load on each collagen monomer is from 1.0 piconewtons to a 10.0 piconewtons.