Thick walled composite tubular and method of making
A method and apparatus for forming a tubular from a composite material. The composite material includes fibers and epoxy resin that are formed into plies that are wound around an axis to form an annular member. The fibers in each ply are arranged axially and hoopwise. The axially oriented fibers are angled from about 10° up to about 20° with respect to an axis of the tubular. The hoopwise fibers are wound in the plies ranging from about 60° at the innermost ply up to about 90° in the outermost ply. The hoop fibers in the intermediate plies are arranged at increasing angles with distance away from the innermost layer. Transitioning the hoop fiber alignment in the successive plies better distributes hoop stress through the wall of the tubular thereby reducing stress concentrations on the innermost ply.
1. A composite tubular comprising:
an inner layer;
intermediate layers that concentrically circumscribe the inner layer;
an outer layer circumscribing the outermost intermediate layer;
axial filaments within each layer that are arranged in the inner layer at an angle of about 10° to about 20° with respect to an axis of the tubular;
hoop filaments within each layer that are arranged at an angle with respect to an axis of the tubular that increases with proximity to the outer layer; and
a matrix material impregnated within the filaments.
2. The composite tubular of claim 1 , wherein the hoop filaments in the intermediate layers are arranged with respect to the axis of the tubular at angles ranging from more than the angle at orientation of the hoop filaments in the inner layer and up to about 90°.
3. The composite tubular of claim 1 , wherein when pressure is applied to an inner surface of tubular and directed radially outward from the axis of the tubular, the hoop stress in the outer layer is at least about 20% of the hoop stress in the inner layer.
4. The composite tubular of claim 1 , wherein the hoop filaments in the inner layer are at an angle of at least about 50° with respect to the axis of the tubular.
5. The composite tubular of claim 1 , wherein the hoop filaments in the outer layer are at an angle of about 90° with respect to the axis of the tubular.